Abstract Shipments of Bakken crude oil by rail have increased in concert with the production of unconventional crude oil in the Williston Basin over the past 10 years, during which time multiple fiery train derailments resulted in tragic loss of life and/or environmental impacts. In this study the compositions of Bakken oil burn residues from a derailment fire(s) are compared to fresh and laboratory-evaporated Bakken crude oil. The absolute and hopane-normalized concentrations of n-alkanes, unsubstituted and substituted PAHs, and petroleum biomarkers and their percent depletions and enrichments (relative to hopane) are reported. Bakken oil burn residues lost 67–78% of their total chromatographable mass (C5 to C44) and exhibit chemical trends distinct from naturally-evaporated oil, including (1) the shape of their UCM profiles, (2) depletion of n-alkanes up to (at least) n-C30, (3) enrichment of priority pollutant (pyrogenic) PAHs, specifically favoring PAH isomers containing three or more linear aromatic rings (anthracene or benz[a]anthracene) or 5-member rings (fluoranthene or indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene), and (4) depletion of some lower boiling petroleum biomarkers (C23-C25 tricyclic terpanes). Despite relative enrichment of most priority pollutant PAHs the absolute concentrations of both total PAH (TPAH50) and priority pollutant PAH (PPAH16) in the burn residues were depleted 69–78% and 41–48%, respectively, compared to fresh Bakken oil. These results demonstrate the changes and range of compositions among fresh, evaporated, and variably-combusted residues of Bakken crude oil, the latter of which are important in assessing the potential effect(s) of burn residues on the environment proximal to train derailment fires.

中文翻译：

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巴肯原油燃烧残渣的化学成分：火车脱轨火灾后的环境相关性

摘要 在过去的 10 年中，随着威利斯顿盆地非常规原油的生产，巴肯原油的铁路运输量有所增加，在此期间，多次火热的火车脱轨导致了人员伤亡和/或环境影响。在这项研究中，将来自脱轨火灾的巴肯石油燃烧残渣的成分与新鲜和实验室蒸发的巴肯原油进行了比较。报告了正构烷烃、未取代和取代的 PAH 以及石油生物标志物的绝对浓度和藿烷归一化浓度及其消耗和富集百分比（相对于藿烷）。Bakken 油燃烧残留物损失了其总色谱质量（C5 至 C44）的 67-78%，并表现出与自然蒸发油不同的化学趋势，包括（1）其 UCM 轮廓的形状，(2) 消耗高达（至少）n-C30 的正构烷烃，（3）富集优先污染物（热原）多环芳烃，特别有利于含有三个或更多线性芳环（蒽或苯并[a]蒽）的多环芳烃异构体或 5 元环（荧蒽或茚并 [1,2,3-c,d] 芘），以及 (4) 消耗一些低沸点石油生物标志物（C23-C25 三环萜烷）。尽管大多数优先污染物多环芳烃相对富集，但与新鲜巴肯油相比，燃烧残留物中总多环芳烃 (TPAH50) 和优先污染物多环芳烃 (PPAH16) 的绝对浓度分别减少了 69-78% 和 41-48%。这些结果证明了巴肯原油的新鲜、蒸发和可变燃烧残渣的组成变化和范围，