Arkansas' bait‐ and sportfish facilities are commonly used by various piscivorous bird species, including lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) that consume substantial quantities of fish. To mediate this predation, farmers implement extensive bird harassment programs that create additional costs to fish loss, thus research investigating the distribution and abundance of scaup is needed to help farmers allocate their bird harassment efforts more efficiently. In winters 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 we conducted 1,368 pond surveys to investigate pond use by scaup on farms during birds' regular wintering period (i.e., November–March). We used intrinsic and extrinsic pond‐level and farm‐level characteristics as explanatory variables in generalized linear models to reveal characteristics associated with increased scaup use. Inter‐annual differences in scaup use were also considered in each model. Our pond‐level model showed that scaup occurred more frequently on larger golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ponds stocked at greater densities, particularly during our second study winter. Our farm‐level model suggested that farms further from major rivers and with an average pond size of approximately eight hectares had the greatest probability of scaup use. Producers can apply findings from our models to implement bird harassment efforts in times and locations where scaup predation is more likely to occur.

中文翻译：

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利用阿肯色州东部的饵鱼和运动鱼养殖场进行的斑尾up的分布和丰富性

阿肯色州的诱饵和运动鱼类设施通常被各种食鱼鸟类所使用，包括较小的斑背潜蝇（Aythya affinis）和较大的斑背潜蝇（A. marila）。）会消耗大量的鱼。为了调解这种捕食行为，农民实施了广泛的鸟类骚扰计划，从而增加了鱼类损失的成本，因此，需要进行调查研究分布和丰富的斑尾ca，以帮助农民更有效地分配鸟类骚扰行为。在2016–2017年冬季和2017–2018年冬季，我们进行了1,368个池塘调查，以调查家禽在冬季的正常越冬期（即11月至3月）使用鳞翅目池塘的情况。在广义线性模型中，我们使用内在的和外在的池塘水平和农场水平的特征作为解释变量，以揭示与增加斑背鲷使用量相关的特征。每个模型还考虑了刀ca使用情况的年际差异。我们的池塘水准模型显示，在较大的金色光芒上，死腿的发生频率更高（放养密度较高的Notemigonus crysoleucas和胖头fat鱼（Pimephales promelas）池塘，尤其是在我们第二个研究冬季。我们的农场一级模型表明，距离主要河流较远且池塘平均大小约为八公顷的农场有可能使用死腿的可能性最大。生产者可以应用我们模型中的发现，在更容易发生死背掠食的时间和地点实施鸟类骚扰工作。