The importance of volcanic CO₂ release, continental weathering, and coral reef growth on the global carbon cycle has been highlighted by several different studies. Based on these independent approaches, we here revisit the last 800 kyr with the box model BICYCLE, which has been extended to be able to address these solid Earth contributions to the carbon cycle. We show that the volcanic outgassing of CO₂ as a function of sea level change from mid‐ocean ridges and hot spot island volcanoes cannot be the generic process that leads during phases of falling obliquity to a sea level‐CO₂ decoupling as has been suggested before. The combined contribution from continental and marine volcanism, if both lagging sea level change by 4 kyr, might have added up to 13 ppm to the glacial/interglacial CO₂ rise. Coral reef growth as suggested by an independent model is during glacial terminations about an order of magnitude too high to be reconciled with meaningful carbon cycle dynamics. Global riverine input of bicarbonate caused by silicate and carbonate weathering is suggested to have been stable over Termination I. However, if weathering fluxes are changed by up to 50% in sensitivity experiments, the corresponding bicarbonate input might contribute less than 20 ppm to the deglacial atmospheric CO₂ rise. The overall agreement of results with the new process‐based sediment module and the previously applied time‐delayed response function to mimic carbonate compensation gives confidence in the results obtained in previous applications of the BICYCLE model without solid Earth processes.

中文翻译：

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考虑固体地球过程的晚更新世碳循环

火山CO的重要性₂发布，大陆风化，并在全球碳循环的珊瑚礁生长已经由几个不同的研究突出显示。基于这些独立的方法，我们在这里使用箱型BICYCLE重新审视了最后800年，该模型已扩展为能够解决这些固体地球对碳循环的贡献。我们表明，随着中海脊和热点岛火山海平面变化的作用，CO ₂的火山脱气不可能是导致倾角下降到海平面CO ₂阶段的一般过程。如之前所建议的去耦。如果滞后海平面变化都达到4 kyr，则来自大陆和海洋火山活动的共同贡献可能会使冰川/冰川间的CO ₂上升总量增加13 ppm 。由独立模型提出的珊瑚礁生长是在冰川终止期间，数量级过高，无法与有意义的碳循环动力学相协调。建议由硅酸盐和碳酸盐风化引起的全球碳酸氢盐河川输入在终端I上是稳定的。但是，如果在敏感性实验中风化通量变化高达50％，则相应的碳酸氢盐输入可能对冰期造成的影响小于20 ppm。大气CO ₂上升。新的基于过程的沉积物模块与以前应用的时间延迟响应函数来模拟碳酸盐补偿的结果总体一致，从而使人们对没有固体地球过程的BICYCLE模型先前应用中获得的结果充满信心。