The viscoelastic surfactants (VES)-based acid diverters are frequently used to divert acid flow from high-permeability layers into low-permeability for enhanced overall productivity of the treated well. In general, an optimum VES-based system possesses advantages of decrease in absorption loss, damage of reservoir, and improved adaptability of active agents to high salinity. Herein, we report the synthesis of three new zwitterionic gemini surfactants (1–3) and previously known amidosulfobutaine (C₁₈AMP3SB) has been accomplished for the investigation of diverting acid performance. The synthesis of these surfactants was achieved by the amidation of the acid chlorides of commercially available fatty acids with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine followed by subsequent reactions with appropriate sultone or ethyl 4-bromobutanoate. The synthesized surfactants were well characterized by spectroscopic methods including IR and NMR spectroscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggested that surfactants (1–3) and C₁₈AMP3SB possess excellent thermal stability, with no appreciable loss of mass up to 300°C. The viscosity measurements of the neat surfactants (1–3) and C₁₈AMP3SB were performed under various temperatures, in the presence of different concentration of calcium chloride salt with the aid shear viscosimetry. The analysis revealed that the viscosity of neat C₁₈AMP3SB increases with increase in concentration of CaCl₂. With 10% CaCl₂ solution, the viscosity was increased from 7.5 to 33.55 cPs, whereas in 20% CaCl₂ the viscosity reached to 102 cPs with rise in temperature from ambient to 90°C. Moreover, the viscosity of neat surfactants (1–3) did not exhibit any appreciable viscosity change under the experimental conditions. However, the mixture of surfactants (1–3) each in combination with C₁₈AMP3SB (1:1) displayed significant upsurge in the viscosity, up to more than 10 folds.

中文翻译：

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氨基磺基丁烷和两性离子双子表面活性剂的合成、表征和增粘

基于粘弹性表面活性剂 (VES) 的酸转向器经常用于将酸流从高渗透层转移到低渗透层，以提高处理井的整体生产率。总的来说，基于 VES 的最佳体系具有减少吸收损失和储层破坏以及提高活性剂对高盐度的适应性等优点。此，我们报告的三个新的两性离子双子表面活性剂（在合成1 - 3）和先前已知的amidosulfobutaine（Ç ₁₈ AMP3SB) 已完成对转向酸性能的调查。这些表面活性剂的合成是通过将市售脂肪酸的酰氯与 3-(二甲氨基)-1-丙胺酰胺化，然后与适当的磺内酯或 4-溴丁酸乙酯反应来实现的。合成的表面活性剂通过光谱方法包括红外光谱和核磁共振光谱进行了很好的表征。热重分析（TGA）结果表明，表面活性剂（1 - 3）和Ç ₁₈ AMP3SB具有优异的热稳定性，具有大的向上没有明显的损失至300℃。纯表面活性剂 ( 1 – 3 ) 和C的粘度测量₁₈ AMP3SB在不同温度下，在不同浓度的氯化钙盐存在下，借助剪切粘度测定法进行。分析表明，纯C ₁₈ AMP3SB的粘度随着CaCl ₂浓度的增加而增加。在 10% CaCl ₂溶液中，粘度从 7.5 增加到 33.55 cPs，而在 20% CaCl _{2 中}，随着温度从环境温度升高到 90°C，粘度达到 102 cPs。此外，整齐表面活性剂的粘度（ 1 - 3）没有表现出在实验条件下任何明显的粘度变化。然而，表面活性剂的混合物 ( 1 –3 ) 每种与C ₁₈ AMP3SB (1:1) 组合显示粘度显着上升，高达 10 倍以上。