Bridges are among the oldest, most important and basic communication structures mainly built on the rivers. Many of them are annually destroyed due to the local scouring phenomenon. The current study used convergent and divergent slot tools on abutments, and performed 45 tests to reduce the detrimental effects of this phenomenon around the rectangular bridge abutment. Experiments were performed in clear water, subcritical flows, and flow states $\frac{V}{V_c}=0.54\text{,}0.65\text{,}0.76\text{,}0.86\text{,}and0.95$ The results showed that, similar to the non-slotted abutment, the flow was downward near the water surface in all slotted abutment models. The maximum scour depth, in all slotted abutment models, was observed at the reference point, indicating a generally similar scour-affected bed topography around non-slotted and slotted bridge abutments. The effective flow intensity and pressure gradient were reduced due to part of the flow passing through the slot, which in turn caused significant changes in the depth and dimensions of the scour hole around the abutment and downstream sedimentation in different slot and flow models. Also, the results suggested the more significant impact of the convergent slot on scour reduction than a divergent one. Both convergent and divergent slots managed to limit scouring. The abutments with convergent slots and H2/H1 ratios of 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 reduced scouring by 35, 39, 42, and 50%, respectively, compared to the non-slotted reference model. On the other hand, abutments with divergent slots and H2/H1 ratios of 1.8, 1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 lowered scouring by 5, 9, 21, and 34%, respectively, in comparison with the non-slotted reference model.

桥梁是主要建在河流上的最古老、最重要和最基本的交通结构之一。由于局部冲刷现象，它们中的许多每年都会被摧毁。目前的研究在基台上使用收敛和发散槽工具，并进行了 45 次测试以减少这种现象对矩形桥基台的不利影响。实验在清水、亚临界流和流动状态下进行$\frac{伏}{{伏}_C}=0.54\text{,}0.65\text{,}0.76\text{,}0.86\text{,}\mathrm{一种}nd0.95$结果表明，与非开槽桥台类似，在所有开槽桥台模型中，水面附近的流动都是向下的。在所有开槽桥台模型中，在参考点处观察到最大冲刷深度，表明非开槽桥台和开槽桥台周围受冲刷影响的地基地形大体相似。由于部分水流通过槽缝，有效流强度和压力梯度降低，进而导致不同槽缝和流模型下桥台周围冲刷孔深度和尺寸以及下游沉积物发生显着变化。此外，结果表明收敛槽对冲刷减少的影响比发散槽更显着。收敛槽和发散槽都设法限制冲刷。与非开槽参考模型相比，具有收敛槽和 H2/H1 比为 0.8、0.6、0.4 和 0.2 的基台分别减少了 35、39、42 和 50% 的冲刷。另一方面，与非开槽参考模型相比，具有发散槽和 H2/H1 比为 1.8、1.6、1.4 和 1.2 的基台分别降低了 5、9、21 和 34% 的冲刷。