This study contributes to building a valid hierarchical sustainable solid waste management (SSWM) attribute set with qualitative information, which is a complicated and ambiguous problem with uncertainties. Few studies have provided qualitative information and have addressed the interrelationships and interdependencies among the hierarchical SSWM attributes. SSWM has recently become a difficult problem to solve due to urbanization, inequality, and economic growth. This study aims to propose an SSWM attribute set and identify a causal model through linguistic preferences by using a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach to simultaneously handle the uncertainty and the interrelationships. The analytic network process is used to develop the hierarchical structure to weigh the aspects and criteria. Qualitative information is transformed into crisp and comparable values to examine the causal relationships between attributes and confirm the consistency between the theoretical structure and industry phenomena. The results indicate that policy and regulations, stakeholder participation, and social impacts play essential roles in these causal interrelationships. Political leadership in SSWM is required to drive stakeholder participation and achieve social impacts. Population growth and migration, institutional settings, waste recycling and energy recovery, households, and private contractors are the main aspects involved in improving SSWM in Vietnam.

这项研究有助于建立具有定性信息的有效分层可持续固体废物管理（SSWM）属性集，这是一个具有不确定性的复杂模棱两可的问题。很少有研究提供定性信息，并解决了SSWM分层属性之间的相互关系和相互依赖性。由于城市化，不平等和经济增长，SSWM最近已成为难以解决的问题。这项研究旨在提出一个SSWM属性集，并通过使用模糊决策试验和评估实验室方法同时处理不确定性和相互关系，通过语言偏好识别因果模型。解析网络过程用于开发层次结构，以权衡方面和标准。定性信息被转换为清晰可比的值，以检查属性之间的因果关系，并确认理论结构和行业现象之间的一致性。结果表明，政策和法规，利益相关者的参与以及社会影响在这些因果关系中起着至关重要的作用。SSWM的政治领导层需要推动利益相关者的参与并取得社会影响。人口增长和移民，机构环境，废物回收和能源回收，家庭和私人承包商是越南改善SSWM的主要方面。结果表明，政策和法规，利益相关者的参与以及社会影响在这些因果关系中起着至关重要的作用。SSWM的政治领导层需要推动利益相关者的参与并取得社会影响。人口增长和移民，机构环境，废物回收和能源回收，家庭和私人承包商是越南改善SSWM的主要方面。结果表明，政策和法规，利益相关者的参与以及社会影响在这些因果关系中起着至关重要的作用。SSWM的政治领导层需要推动利益相关者的参与并取得社会影响。人口增长和移民，机构环境，废物回收和能源回收，家庭和私人承包商是越南改善SSWM的主要方面。