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Meroplankton seasonal dynamics in the high Arctic fjord: comparison of different sampling methods
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102484 Agata Weydmann-Zwolicka , Piotr Balazy , Piotr Kuklinski , Janne E. Søreide , Weronika Patuła , Marta Ronowicz
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102484 Agata Weydmann-Zwolicka , Piotr Balazy , Piotr Kuklinski , Janne E. Søreide , Weronika Patuła , Marta Ronowicz
Abstract Meroplankton comprise mainly of pelagic larvae of benthic invertebrates and play an important role as consumers and prey in coastal ecosystems. During a year-round study in Isfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago; >78°N), two locations (stations North and South) were sampled every third month to capture seasonal dynamics of meroplankton at high-latitudes, using different sampling methods (vertically hauled WP2 plankton net, and SCUBA diver-operated: horizontal towed net and underwater suction pump). Independent of sampling methods, seasonality was the factor that explained the largest part of variation in meroplankton composition (31.8%, PERMANOVA). Distinct seasonal abundance peaks were found of the following taxa: Polychaeta larvae and Cirripedia nauplii reached very high abundances in spring; Bivalvia veligers, Echinodermata ophioplutei, and Cirripedia cypris had higher numbers during summer; while Bryozoa cyphonautes peaked in autumn. These changes were driven mainly by water temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and photoperiod, which according to DistLM routine, jointly explained 36.7% of meroplankton variability. Our results support the theory that planktotrophy is an important larval development strategy in some high Arctic taxa, e.g. Bivalvia and Cirripedia. We also observed that the southern part of Isfjorden was more productive and affected by the advection of Atlantic waters; while the northern location was influenced by the sea ice drift, coming from the north-eastern part of the Isfjord system in winter and spring, and was characterised by higher meroplankton abundances. The comparison of the number of taxa collected by each method and multivariate dispersion index between the standard WP2 plankton net and the remaining devices, operated by SCUBA divers, proved that WP2 is the most optimal method to collect meroplankton, especially from deeper waters. However, an underwater, manually operated suction pump would be a good choice in shallow coastal areas, especially with a dense kelp forest, where using a WP2 net is impossible. The joint use of the WP2 net and suction pump gives the highest value of multivariate dispersion index for the total community, as it additionally allows for the collection of demersal and epibenthic animals which are often omitted by standard net sampling methods, so this combination is worth recommending in studying shallow coastal ecosystems.
中文翻译:
北极高峡湾浮游生物季节性动态:不同采样方法的比较
摘要 浮游生物主要由底栖无脊椎动物的中上层幼虫组成,在沿海生态系统中扮演着重要的消费者和猎物角色。在 Isfjorden(斯瓦尔巴群岛;>78°N)的全年研究中,每三个月对两个地点(北站和南站)进行采样,以使用不同的采样方法(垂直拖曳 WP2浮游生物网和 SCUBA 潜水员操作:水平拖网和水下抽吸泵)。独立于采样方法,季节性是解释浮游生物组成变化的最大部分的因素(31.8%,PERMANOVA)。发现以下分类群具有明显的季节性丰度峰值:多毛纲幼虫和卷毛纲无节幼体在春季达到非常高的丰度;Bivalvia veligers, Echinodermata ophioplutei, Ciripedia cypris 在夏季的数量较多;而 Bryozoa cyphonautes 在秋季达到顶峰。这些变化主要由水温、叶绿素 a 浓度和光周期驱动,根据 DistLM 常规,它们共同解释了 36.7% 的浮游生物变异性。我们的研究结果支持浮游生物是一些高北极类群(例如双壳类和卷足类)中重要的幼虫发育策略的理论。我们还观察到 Isfjorden 南部的生产力更高,并受到大西洋水域平流的影响;而北部位置则受到海冰漂移的影响,冬季和春季来自伊斯峡湾系统的东北部,其特点是浮游生物丰度较高。标准 WP2 浮游生物网与 SCUBA 潜水员操作的其余设备之间通过每种方法收集的分类群数量和多元分散指数的比较,证明 WP2 是收集浮游生物的最佳方法,尤其是从更深的水域。然而,在浅海地区,尤其是在无法使用 WP2 网的茂密海藻林中,水下手动操作的抽吸泵将是一个不错的选择。WP2 网和抽吸泵的联合使用为整个社区提供了最高的多元分散指数值,因为它另外允许收集标准网采样方法经常忽略的底层和底栖动物,因此这种组合是值得的推荐研究浅海沿岸生态系统。
更新日期:2021-01-01
中文翻译:
北极高峡湾浮游生物季节性动态:不同采样方法的比较
摘要 浮游生物主要由底栖无脊椎动物的中上层幼虫组成,在沿海生态系统中扮演着重要的消费者和猎物角色。在 Isfjorden(斯瓦尔巴群岛;>78°N)的全年研究中,每三个月对两个地点(北站和南站)进行采样,以使用不同的采样方法(垂直拖曳 WP2浮游生物网和 SCUBA 潜水员操作:水平拖网和水下抽吸泵)。独立于采样方法,季节性是解释浮游生物组成变化的最大部分的因素(31.8%,PERMANOVA)。发现以下分类群具有明显的季节性丰度峰值:多毛纲幼虫和卷毛纲无节幼体在春季达到非常高的丰度;Bivalvia veligers, Echinodermata ophioplutei, Ciripedia cypris 在夏季的数量较多;而 Bryozoa cyphonautes 在秋季达到顶峰。这些变化主要由水温、叶绿素 a 浓度和光周期驱动,根据 DistLM 常规,它们共同解释了 36.7% 的浮游生物变异性。我们的研究结果支持浮游生物是一些高北极类群(例如双壳类和卷足类)中重要的幼虫发育策略的理论。我们还观察到 Isfjorden 南部的生产力更高,并受到大西洋水域平流的影响;而北部位置则受到海冰漂移的影响,冬季和春季来自伊斯峡湾系统的东北部,其特点是浮游生物丰度较高。标准 WP2 浮游生物网与 SCUBA 潜水员操作的其余设备之间通过每种方法收集的分类群数量和多元分散指数的比较,证明 WP2 是收集浮游生物的最佳方法,尤其是从更深的水域。然而,在浅海地区,尤其是在无法使用 WP2 网的茂密海藻林中,水下手动操作的抽吸泵将是一个不错的选择。WP2 网和抽吸泵的联合使用为整个社区提供了最高的多元分散指数值,因为它另外允许收集标准网采样方法经常忽略的底层和底栖动物,因此这种组合是值得的推荐研究浅海沿岸生态系统。