Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides (MXenes) have been extensively studied in catalysis due to their high specific surface area, favorable electrochemical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, superior electrical and thermal conductivity. Additionally, the unique 2D features with adjustable surface properties of MXene enable its structure to be engineered as catalyst towards a range of the electro-, photo- and thermal-catalytic reactions. In this review, we summarize the advanced engineering strategies that have been developed for MXenes to achieve desirable catalytic performance, including termination engineering, atomic engineering, interfacial engineering and hybrid engineering. We focus on disclosing the origin of enhanced catalytic activity realized by different engineering strategies from the mechanism perspective. Then the limitations and challenges of MXenes engineering under various conditions are discussed. Furthermore, some advanced in situ techniques are recommended to elucidate the active sites in MXenes. Finally, we point out the future directions in MXenes engineering towards highly active catalysts at industrial standard.

二维（2D）过渡金属碳化物，氮化物和碳氮化物（MXenes）由于其高的比表面积，良好的电化学性能，优异的耐腐蚀性，较高的机械强度，优异的导电性和导热性，已在催化领域进行了广泛研究。此外，具有可调节MXene表面特性的独特2D功能使它的结构可以被设计为催化剂，用于一系列电催化，光催化和热催化反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了已为MXene开发以实现理想的催化性能的高级工程策略，包括终止工程，原子工程，界面工程和混合工程。我们着重于从机理的角度揭示通过不同工程策略实现的增强催化活性的起源。然后讨论了MXenes工程在各种条件下的局限性和挑战。此外，一些高级建议使用原位技术阐明MXene中的活性位点。最后，我们指出了MXenes工程的未来方向，即朝着工业标准的高活性催化剂发展。