Abstract Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates gaps in service that impede travelers' abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing fills transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hailing origins and destinations to examine if ride-hailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs was most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. In bivariate analyses, transit service was not associated with ride-hailing trip ends. But after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, transit dependency, population density, and employment density, we found fewer ride-hailing trips in neighborhoods where bus service dominated and significantly more ride-hailing trips where rail service was prevalent. Patterns were slightly different for overnight weekend ride-hailing pick-ups, where higher transit density predicted a greater number of trips in nearby tracts. Additional research and policy is needed to ensure that ride-hailing services provide travel options to those who need them the most and fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.

中文翻译：

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不介意差距：网约车服务于过境沙漠吗？

摘要 交通长期以来一直将人们与机会联系起来，但不同空间的交通方式差异很大。在某些情况下，交通供应分布不均会造成服务差距，从而阻碍旅客穿越空间和获得工作或其他机会的能力。然而，随着 Uber 和 Lyft 等叫车服务的出现，旅行者现在有了获得汽车出行的新潜力，而无需高昂的购车成本，也没有可靠的交通服务。关于叫车服务是作为交通方式的补充还是替代，或者叫车服务是否填补过境服务需求的空白，研究仍然不一。本研究衡量芝加哥的公交供应，并将其与网约车起点和目的地进行比较，以检查网约车是否填补了现有的公交服务空白。调查结果显示，整个芝加哥市的叫车接送服务聚集在一起，但叫车接送服务的数量与较高的邻里家庭收入中位数有关，而不是与公共交通供应的衡量指标相关。在双变量分析中，公交服务与网约车行程结束无关。但在控制了社区社会经济地位、交通依赖度、人口密度和就业密度后，我们发现在公交服务占主导地位的社区中，网约车出行较少，而在铁路服务盛行的社区，网约车出行明显增多。夜间周末叫车服务的模式略有不同，较高的交通密度预示着附近区域的出行次数会更多。