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The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway is activated as a novel nucleolar stress response
Journal of Molecular Biology ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.11.018
David P. Dannheisig , Jana Bächle , Jasmin Tasic , Marina Keil , Astrid S. Pfister

Ribosomes are mandatory for growth and survival. The complex process of ribosome biogenesis is located in nucleoli and requires action of the RNA polymerases I–III, together with a multitude of processing factors involved in rRNA cleavage and maturation. Impaired ribosome biogenesis and loss of nucleolar integrity triggers nucleolar stress, which classically stabilizes the tumor suppressor p53 and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nucleolar stress is implemented in modern anti-cancer therapies, however, also emerges as contributor to diverse pathological conditions. These include ribosomopathies, such as the Shwachman Bodian Diamond Syndrome (SBDS), which are not only characterized by nucleolar stress, but paradoxically also increased cancer incidence. Wnt signaling is tightly coupled to cell proliferation and is constitutively activated in various tumor types. In addition, the Wnt/β–Catenin pathway regulates ribosome formation. Here, we demonstrate that induction of nucleolar stress by different strategies stimulates the Wnt/β–Catenin pathway. We show that depletion of the key ribosomopathy factor SBDS, or the nucleolar factors Nucleophosmin (NPM), Pescadillo 1 (PES1) or Peter Pan (PPAN) by si RNA-mediated knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9 strategy activates Wnt/β–Catenin signaling in a β–Catenin-dependent manner and stabilizes β–Catenin in human cancer cells. Moreover, triggering nucleolar stress by the chemotherapeutic agents Actinomycin D or the RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX–5461 stimulates expression of Wnt/β–Catenin targets, which is followed by the p53 target CDKN1A (p21). As PPAN expression is induced by Wnt/β–Catenin signaling, our data establish a novel feedback mechanism and reveal that nucleolar stress over-activates the Wnt/β–Catenin pathway, which most likely serves as compensatory mechanism to sustain ribosome biogenesis.



中文翻译:

Wnt /β-Catenin途径被激活为新的核仁应激反应

核糖体是生长和生存所必需的。核糖体生物发生的复杂过程位于核仁中,需要RNA聚合酶I–III的作用,以及涉及rRNA裂解和成熟的多种加工因子。核糖体的生物发生受损和核仁完整性的丧失会触发核仁压力,这通常会稳定肿瘤抑制因子p53并诱导细胞周期停滞和凋亡。核仁压力在现代抗癌治疗中得以实现,但同时也导致了多种病理状况。这些包括核糖体病,例如Shwachman Bodian钻石综合症(SBDS),不仅以核仁压力为特征,而且自相矛盾的是,癌症的发病率也增加了。Wnt信号与细胞增殖紧密相关,并在各种肿瘤类型中被组成性激活。另外,Wnt / β–Catenin途径调节核糖体的形成。在这里,我们证明了通过不同策略诱导核仁应激会刺激Wnt /β-Catenin途径。我们显示通过si RNA介导的敲低或CRISPR / Cas9策略耗尽关键核糖体病因子SBDS或核仁因子核仁蛋白(NPM),Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)可以激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导β-Catenin依赖的方式并稳定人类癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 Wnt / β–Catenin途径调节核糖体的形成。在这里,我们证明了通过不同策略诱导核仁应激会刺激Wnt /β-Catenin途径。我们显示通过si RNA介导的敲低或CRISPR / Cas9策略耗尽关键核糖体病因子SBDS或核仁因子核仁蛋白(NPM),Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)可以激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导β-Catenin依赖的方式并稳定人类癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 Wnt / β–Catenin途径调节核糖体的形成。在这里,我们证明了通过不同策略诱导核仁应激会刺激Wnt /β-Catenin途径。我们显示通过si RNA介导的敲低或CRISPR / Cas9策略耗尽关键核糖体病因子SBDS或核仁因子核仁蛋白(NPM),Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)可以激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导β-Catenin依赖的方式并稳定人类癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 我们证明了通过不同策略诱导核仁应激会刺激Wnt /β-Catenin途径。我们显示通过si RNA介导的敲低或CRISPR / Cas9策略耗尽关键核糖体病因子SBDS或核仁因子核仁蛋白(NPM),Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)可以激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导β-Catenin依赖的方式并稳定人类癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 我们证明了通过不同策略诱导核仁应激会刺激Wnt /β-Catenin途径。我们显示通过si RNA介导的敲低或CRISPR / Cas9策略耗尽关键核糖体病因子SBDS或核仁因子核仁蛋白(NPM),Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)可以激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导β-Catenin依赖的方式并稳定人类癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)通过si RNA介导的敲除或CRISPR / Cas9策略以β-Catenin依赖性方式激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导,并稳定人癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标 Pescadillo 1(PES1)或Peter Pan(PPAN)通过si RNA介导的敲除或CRISPR / Cas9策略以β-Catenin依赖性方式激活Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导,并稳定人癌细胞中的β-Catenin。此外,通过化学治疗剂放线菌素D或RNA聚合酶I抑制剂CX–5461触发核仁应激会刺激Wnt / β–Catenin靶标的表达,随后是p53靶标CDKN1A  (p21)。由于PPAN表达是由Wnt /β-Catenin信号传导诱导的,因此我们的数据建立了一种新型的反馈机制,并揭示了核仁应激过度激活Wnt /β-Catenin途径,这很可能是维持核糖体生物发生的补偿机制。

更新日期:2020-11-21
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