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Dynamics of biomass and nutrient accumulation in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations established on two soil types: Implications for nutrient management over the immature phase
Industrial Crops and Products ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113084
Thibaut Perron , Louis Mareschal , Jean-Paul Laclau , Lucie Deffontaines , Philippe Deleporte , Aurélien Masson , Thierry Cauchy , Frédéric Gay

Rubber trees are the main source of natural rubber (NR). The area occupied by rubber plantations rose from 3.9 million ha in 1961 to 12.5 million ha in 2018. Both the expansion of rubber plantations in marginal zones (prone to biotic and abiotic stress), and long-term rubber tree cultivation in traditional areas, raise questions about the sustainability of NR production in a context of climate change. Our study set out to gain insights into the biogeochemical cycles in rubber plantations, for a better matching of fertilizer inputs to the dynamics of nutrient demand throughout rubber tree growth. Nutrient accumulation in tree biomass is a major component of the biological cycle in tree plantations. We studied the dynamics of biomass and nutrient accumulation in two chronosequences covering the whole lifespan of a plantation in Ivory Coast managed on a sandy soil at the SAPH site, and one on a clayey soil at the SOGB site. In total, 56 trees were destructively sampled in 2-, 5-, 20- and roughly 40-year-old stands. While the use of allometric relationships is common for estimating nutrient stocks in planted forests, this study was the first to provide allometric equations predicting nutrient stocks in rubber tree components. Allometric models were applied to the inventory of 4 commercial stands, for each age at each site, to estimate stand biomass and nutrient stocks. The current annual increments of nutrient stocks in tree biomass peaked between 2 and 5 years after planting. They reached 80 kg ha-1 yr-1 for N, 14 kg ha-1 yr-1 for P and 34 kg ha-1 yr-1 for K at SAPH (53, 7, and 39 kg ha-1 yr-1 respectively at SOGB), which highlighted the importance of an appropriate fertilization schedule for young rubber trees. At the clear-cut age (38–40 years), the amounts of nutrients accumulated in tree biomass were 970 kg N ha-1, 188 kg P ha-1, 366 kg K ha-1, 941 kg Ca ha-1 and 255 kg Mg ha-1 on the sandy soil at SAPH (907,118, 629 1499, and 375 kg ha-1 respectively on the clayey soil at SOGB). Contrasting soil properties and management practices at the two sites had a much greater effect on the amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg accumulated in the trees than on N accumulation. Logging practices in rubber plantations can lead to considerable nutrient exports on poor tropical soils. Harvest residues should be distributed uniformly in the plots so that the roots of young trees can quickly gain access to the nutrients released during decomposition.



中文翻译:

在两种土壤类型上建立的橡胶(橡胶树)人工林生物量和养分累积的动态:未成熟阶段养分管理的意义

橡胶树是天然橡胶(NR)的主要来源。橡胶园的面积从1961年的390万公顷增加到2018年的1250万公顷。边缘地区的橡胶园(易生生物和非生物胁迫)的扩大以及传统地区的长期橡胶树种植都增加了在气候变化的背景下有关天然橡胶生产可持续性的问题。我们的研究旨在深入了解橡胶园的生物地球化学循环,以便使肥料输入与整个橡胶树生长过程中养分需求的动态更好地匹配。树木生物量中养分的积累是人工林生物循环的主要组成部分。我们研究了两个时序序列中生物量和养分累积的动力学,这些时序序列涵盖了在SAPH站点的沙土上和在SOGB站点的黏土上管理的象牙海岸人工林的整个生命周期。总共在2、5、20和大约40年的林分中破坏性地取样了56棵树。虽然通常使用测长关系来估算人工林中的养分储量,但这项研究还是第一个提供预测橡胶树组件中养分储量的测长方程的方法。对于每个地点的每个年龄段,将异速生长模型应用于4个商业林分的清单,以估算林分生物量和养分储量。树木种植后,树木生物量中当前养分储量的年度增量在2至5年之间达到峰值。他们达到了80公斤公顷 一个在SOGB场地的黏土上。总共在2、5、20和大约40年的林分中破坏性地取样了56棵树。虽然通常使用测长关系来估算人工林中的养分储量,但这项研究还是第一个提供预测橡胶树组件中养分储量的测长方程的方法。对于每个地点的每个年龄段,将异速生长模型应用于4个商业林分的清单,以估算林分生物量和养分储量。树木种植后,树木生物量中当前养分储量的年度增量在2至5年之间达到峰值。他们达到了80公斤公顷 一个在SOGB场地的黏土上。总共在2、5、20和大约40年的林分中破坏性地取样了56棵树。虽然通常使用测长关系来估算人工林中的养分储量,但这项研究还是第一个提供预测橡胶树组件中养分储量的测长方程的方法。对于每个地点的每个年龄段,将异速生长模型应用于4个商业林分的清单,以估算林分生物量和养分储量。树木种植后,树木生物量中当前养分储量的年度增量在2至5年之间达到峰值。他们达到了80公斤公顷 这项研究是第一个提供异速方程的方法,可以预测橡胶树组件中的营养成分。对于每个地点的每个年龄段,将异速生长模型应用于4个商业林分的清单,以估算林分生物量和养分储量。树木种植后,树木生物量中当前养分储量的年度增量在2至5年之间达到峰值。他们达到了80公斤公顷 这项研究是第一个提供异速方程的方法,可以预测橡胶树组件中的营养成分。对于每个地点的每个年龄段,将异速生长模型应用于4个商业林分的清单,以估算林分生物量和养分储量。树木种植后,树木生物量中当前养分储量的年度增量在2至5年之间达到峰值。他们达到了80公斤公顷-1-1为N,14公斤公顷-1-1 P和34公斤公顷-1-1对于K在SAPH(53,图7和39公斤公顷-1-1分别在SOGB),这突出了为幼小的橡胶树制定适当施肥计划的重要性。在明确的年龄(38-40岁),营养素的树生物质积累的量为970千克Ñ公顷-1 188公斤P公顷-1,366公斤ķ公顷-1,941千克钙公顷-1和255公斤镁公顷-1上在SAPH(907118,629 1499沙质土壤,和375千克公顷-1分别位于SOGB的黏土上)。在这两个地点,不同的土壤性质和管理措施对树木中磷,钾,钙和镁的累积影响远大于对氮的累积影响。橡胶园的伐木方式会导致贫瘠的热带土壤大量出口养分。收获残余物应在地块中均匀分布,以使幼树的根能够快速获得分解过程中释放的养分。

更新日期:2020-11-21
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