Biochar has been proven as a soil amendment to improve soil environment. However, mechanistic understanding of biochar on soil physical properties and microbial community remains unclear. In this study, a wood biochar (WB), was incorporated into a highly weathered tropical soil, and after 1 year the in situ changes in soil properties and microbial community were evaluated. A field trial was conducted for application of compost, wood biochar, and polyacrylamide. Microstructure and morphological features of the soils were characterized through 3D X-ray microscopy and polarized microscopy. Soil microbial communities were identified through next-generation sequencing (NGS). After incubation, the number of pores and connection throats between the pores of biochar treated soil increased by 3.8 and 7.2 times, respectively, compared to the control. According to NGS results, most sequences belonged to Anaerolinea thermolimosa, Caldithrix palaeochoryensis, Chthoniobacter flavus, and Cohnella soli. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) further demonstrated that the microbial community structure was determined by inorganic N (IN), available P (AP), pH, soil organic C (SOC), porosity, bulk density (BD), and aggregate stability. The treatments with co-application of biochar and compost facilitated the dominance of Cal. palaeochoryensis, Cht. flavus, and Coh. soli, all of which promoted organic matter decomposition and ammonia oxidation in the soil. The apparent increases in IN, AP, porosity, and SOC caused by the addition of biochar and compost may be the proponents of changes in soil microbial communities. The co-application of compost and biochar may be a suitable strategy for real world biochar incorporation in highly weathered soil.

生物炭已被证明是改善土壤环境的土壤改良剂。然而，对生物炭对土壤物理性质和微生物群落的机械理解仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，将木材生物炭（WB）掺入到高度风化的热带土壤中，并在1年后评估了土壤特性和微生物群落的原位变化。进行了田间试验，以施用堆肥，木材生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺。通过3D X射线显微镜和偏光显微镜对土壤的微观结构和形态特征进行了表征。通过下一代测序（NGS）鉴定土壤微生物群落。孵育后，与对照相比，生物炭处理过的土壤的孔数和孔间连接喉咙的数量分别增加了3.8和7.2倍。厌氧热厌氧杆菌，Caldithrix palaeochoryensis，黄杆菌，和Cohnella soli。典型相关分析（CCA）进一步表明，微生物群落结构由无机氮（IN），有效磷（AP），pH，土壤有机碳（SOC），孔隙率，堆积密度（BD）和聚集体稳定性决定。生物炭和堆肥共同施用的处理促进了钙的优势。palaeochoryensis，Cht等。flavus和Coh。单人，所有这些都促进了土壤中有机物的分解和氨的氧化。由生物炭和堆肥的添加引起的IN，AP，孔隙度和SOC的明显增加可能是土壤微生物群落变化的支持者。堆肥和生物炭的共同应用可能是将现实世界中的生物炭掺入高风化土壤中的合适策略。