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Nutrient retention, availability and greenhouse gas emissions from biochar-fertilized Chernozems
Catena ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.105046
Carlos M. Romero , Xiying Hao , Chunli Li , Jen Owens , Timothy Schwinghamer , Tim A. McAllister , Erasmus Okine

Amending soil with pyrogenic-C (biochar) has emerged as a potential best management practice to accumulate organic matter (OM), reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase nutrient retention among degraded, marginally-productive croplands. Nevertheless, the impact of biochar application on intensively cropped prairie eco-regions is not well documented, particularly when co-applied with chemical fertilizer. Our objective was to determine the effect of biochar on cumulative CO2-C, N2O-N and CH4-C emissions, water-extractable OM, and available N (AN; NH4-N + NO3-N) and P (AP; PO4-P) in the presence or absence of NP-fertilizer. Biochar was applied to two surface Chernozems (0–15 cm) of contrasting texture [i.e., sandy clay loam (Raymond) and clayey (Lethbridge)] at six rates (0, 0.15, 0.5, 3, 10 and 20 Mg ha−1) in combination with (+NP) or without (−NP) urea-N (150 kg N ha−1) and KH2PO4 (50 kg P ha−1). A total of 72 soil columns were incubated at 21 °C for 86 d. Biochar addition increased soil total C up to 24.9 g kg−1 and 28.7 g kg−1 in Raymond and Lethbridge, respectively, but did not affect water-extractable OM. Cumulative N2O-N and CH4-C emissions were not influenced by biochar, regardless of whether or not NP-fertilizer was added (p > 0.05). Cumulative CO2-C emissions varied between soil textures and were increased or decreased non-linearly by biochar addition under –NP only. Available P increased within +NP soil with increasing biochar rates reaching 43.9 mg kg−1 in Raymond and 79.5 mg kg−1 in Lethbridge when biochar was applied at 20 Mg ha−1. A similar but less pronounced response was observed for AN. Our results indicate that biochar-only application is not a practical management approach for improving soil fertility and nutrient cycling in surface Chernozems. Nevertheless, co-applying biochar with NP-fertilizer appears to improve soil P availability in the short-term.



中文翻译:

生物炭施肥的黑钙土的养分保留,有效性和温室气体排放

使用热解碳(生物炭)对土壤进行改良已成为一种潜在的最佳管理方法,可在退化的低产农田中累积有机质(OM),减少温室气体(GHG)排放并增加养分保留。然而,生物炭施用对集约化大草原生态区的影响尚无充分记载,特别是与化肥一起施用时。我们的目标是确定生物炭对累积CO 2 -C,N 2 O-N和CH 4 -C排放,水可萃取OM以及有效氮(AN; NH 4 -N + NO 3 -N)和P( AP; PO 4-P)在存在或不存在NP肥料的情况下。将生物炭以六种速率(0、0.15、0.5、3、10和20 Mg ha -1)施用于两个质地相反的黑钙土(0-15厘米)[即,沙质壤土(雷蒙德)和黏土(莱斯布里奇)] )结合(+ NP)或不结合(-NP)尿素-N(150 kg N ha -1)和KH 2 PO 4(50 kg P ha -1)。总共72根土壤柱在21°C下孵育86 d。在雷蒙德和莱斯布里奇,添加生物碳可将土壤总碳分别提高至24.9 g kg -1和28.7 g kg -1,但不影响水提取性OM。累积N 2 O-N和CH 4碳排放不受生物炭的影响,无论是否添加了NP肥料(p  > 0.05)。累积的CO 2 -C排放量在土壤质地之间变化,并且仅在-NP下通过添加生物炭非线性地增加或减少。可用的P + NP土壤内的增加而增加的生物炭率达到43.9毫克千克-1在Raymond和79.5毫克千克-1在当在施加生物炭勒斯布里奇20镁公顷-1。对于AN观察到相似但不太明显的反应。我们的结果表明,仅生物炭施用不是改善黑钙土表面土壤肥力和养分循环的实际管理方法。尽管如此,在短期内将生物炭与NP肥料一起施用似乎可以改善土壤磷的利用率。

更新日期:2020-11-21
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