This article reviews international and Russian experience in using polymer and composite pile structures. The historical development of various pile types, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the author’s classification of polymer and composite piles, are presented.

中文翻译：

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聚合物桩和复合桩。国际和俄罗斯经验

本文回顾了国际和俄罗斯在使用聚合物和复合材料桩结构方面的经验。介绍了各种桩类型的历史发展，优点和缺点以及作者对聚合物桩和复合桩的分类。