Geological evidence indicates that glaciers in the western United States fluctuated in response to Holocene changes in temperature and precipitation. However, because moraine chronologies are characteristically discontinuous, Holocene glacier fluctuations and their climatic drivers remain ambiguous, and future glacier changes are uncertain. Here, we construct a continuous 10-thousand-year (ka) record of glacier activity in the Teton Range, Wyoming, using glacial and environmental indicators in alpine lake sediments. We show that Teton glaciers persisted in some form through early Holocene warmth, likely as small debris-covered glaciers or rock glaciers. Subsequent Neoglacial ice expansion began ~6.3 ka, with two prominent glacier maxima at ~2.8 and 0.1 ka that were separated by a multicentennial phase of ice retreat. Comparison with regional paleoclimate records suggests that glacier activity was dominantly controlled by winter precipitation variability superposed on long-term Holocene temperature trends, offering key insights into western U.S. glacier resilience and vulnerability to future warming.

地质证据表明，美国西部冰川响应全新世温度和降水变化而波动。但是，由于冰ora的年代学特征是不连续的，因此全新世冰川的波动及其气候驱动因素仍然是模棱两可的，未来的冰川变化尚不确定。在这里，我们利用高山湖泊沉积物中的冰川和环境指标，建立了怀俄明州提顿山脉冰川活动的连续一万年（ka）记录。我们表明，提顿冰川在全新世早期就以某种形式持续存在，很可能是覆盖有小碎片的冰川或岩石冰川。随后的新冰川期冰扩张开始于〜6.3 ka，两个显着的冰川最大值分别位于〜2.8和0.1 ka，被冰期退缩的百年期相分隔。