A simple penicillinase functionalized two-dimensional photonic crystal hydrogel (2DPPCH) biosensor was developed for colorimetric detection of penicillin G and penicillinase inhibitors. The penicillinase can specifically recognize penicillin G and catalyze it to produce penicilloic acid, which decreases the pH of the hydrogel microenvironment and shrinks the pH-sensitive hydrogel. The particle spacing decrease of the 2D photonic crystal array induced by the hydrogel shrinkage further causes a blue-shift in the diffraction wavelength. While the hydrolysis reaction is repressed upon treatment with clavulanate potassium (a kind of penicillinase inhibitor), no significant change in the diffraction wavelength is found. The detection of targets can be achieved by measuring the Debye diffraction ring diameter or observing the structural color change in the visible region. The lowest detectable concentrations for penicillin G and clavulanate potassium are 1 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. Moreover, the 2DPPCH is proved to exhibit high selectivity and an excellent regeneration property, and it shows satisfactory performance for penicillin G analysis in real water samples.

中文翻译：

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用于青霉素G和青霉素酶抑制剂比色检测的二维光子晶体水凝胶生物传感器

开发了一种简单的青霉素酶功能化的二维光子晶体水凝胶（2DPPCH）生物传感器，用于比色检测青霉素G和青霉素酶抑制剂。青霉素酶可以特异性识别青霉素G并催化生成青霉素酸，从而降低水凝胶微环境的pH值并使pH敏感性水凝胶收缩。由水凝胶收缩引起的二维光子晶体阵列的粒子间距减小进一步引起衍射波长的蓝移。尽管用克拉维酸钾（一种青霉素酶抑制剂）处理可抑制水解反应，但未发现衍射波长有明显变化。可以通过测量德拜衍射环直径或观察可见区域的结构颜色变化来实现目标的检测。青霉素G和克拉维酸钾的最低可检测浓度分别为1μM和0.1μM。此外，已证明2DPPCH具有高选择性和优异的再生性能，并且在实际水样中对青霉素G的分析显示出令人满意的性能。