The human gut is important for food digestion and absorption, as well as a venue for a large number of microorganisms that coexist with the host. Although numerous in vitro models have been proposed to study intestinal pathology or interactions between intestinal microbes and host, they are far from recapitulating the real intestinal microenvironment in vivo. To assist researchers in further understanding gut physiology, the intestinal microbiome, and disease processes, a novel technology primarily based on microfluidics and cell biology, called “gut-on-chip,” was developed to simulate the structure, function, and microenvironment of the human gut. In this review, we first introduce various types of gut-on-chip systems, then highlight their applications in drug pharmacokinetics, host–gut microbiota crosstalk, and nutrition metabolism. Finally, we discuss challenges in this field and prospects for better understanding interactions between intestinal flora and human hosts, and then provide guidance for clinical treatment of related diseases.

人体肠道对于食物的消化和吸收以及与宿主共存的大量微生物的场所都很重要。尽管已经提出了许多体外模型来研究肠道病理学或肠道微生物与宿主之间的相互作用，但它们远不能概括体内的真实肠道微环境。为了帮助研究人员进一步了解肠道生理，肠道微生物组和疾病过程，开发了一种主要基于微流控和细胞生物学的新技术，称为“肠上芯片”，以模拟其的结构，功能和微环境。人类的内脏。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍各​​种类型的肠道芯片系统，然后重点介绍它们在药物药代动力学，宿主-肠道微生物群串扰和营养代谢中的应用。最后，