Our understanding of lipid peroxidation in biology and medicine is rapidly evolving, as it is increasingly implicated in various diseases but also recognized as a key part of normal cell function, signaling, and death (ferroptosis). Not surprisingly, the root and consequences of lipid peroxidation have garnered increasing attention from multiple disciplines in recent years. Here we “connect the dots” between the fundamental chemistry underpinning the cascade reactions of lipid peroxidation (enzymatic or free radical), the reactive nature of the products formed (lipid-derived electrophiles), and the biological targets and mechanisms associated with these products that culminate in cellular responses. We additionally bring light to the use of highly sensitive, fluorescence-based methodologies. Stemming from the foundational concepts in chemistry and biology, these methodologies enable visualizing and quantifying each reaction in the cascade in a cellular and ultimately tissue context, toward deciphering the connections between the chemistry and physiology of lipid peroxidation. The review offers a platform in which the chemistry and biomedical research communities can access a comprehensive summary of fundamental concepts regarding lipid peroxidation, experimental tools for the study of such processes, as well as the recent discoveries by leading investigators with an emphasis on significant open questions.

中文翻译：

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连接“点”：从自由基脂质自氧化到细胞病理学和疾病

我们对生物学和医学中脂质过氧化的理解正在迅速发展，因为它越来越多地涉及各种疾病，但也被认为是正常细胞功能、信号传导和死亡（铁死亡）的关键部分。毫不奇怪，脂质过氧化的根源和后果近年来越来越受到多个学科的关注。在这里，我们将支撑脂质过氧化（酶促或自由基）级联反应的基本化学、形成的产物（脂质衍生的亲电试剂）的反应性质以及与这些产物相关的生物靶标和机制“联系起来”以细胞反应告终。我们还为使用高度敏感的基于荧光的方法带来了光明。源自化学和生物学的基本概念，这些方法能够可视化和量化细胞和最终组织环境中级联中的每个反应，以破译脂质过氧化的化学和生理学之间的联系。该评论提供了一个平台，化学和生物医学研究界可以在该平台上获得关于脂质过氧化的基本概念的综合总结、研究此类过程的实验工具，以及主要研究人员的最新发现，重点是重要的开放性问题.