The monsoon system and westerly circulation, to which climate change responds differently, are two important components of global atmospheric circulation interacting with each other in the middle to low latitudes. Relevant research on global millennial-scale climate change in monsoon and westerly regions is mostly devoted to multi-proxy analyses of lakes, stalagmites, ice cores, and marine and eolian sediments. Different responses from these proxies to long-term environmental change make understanding climate change patterns in monsoon and westerly regions difficult. Accordingly, we disaggregated global closed basins into areas governed by monsoon and westerly winds, unified paleoclimate indicators, and added lake models and paleoclimate simulations to emphatically track millennial-scale evolution characteristics and mechanisms of East Asian summer monsoon and westerly winds since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results reveal that millennial-scale water balance change exhibits an obvious boundary between global monsoon and westerly regions in closed basins, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The effective moisture in most closed basins of the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere mainly exhibits a decreasing trend since the LGM, while that of the low latitudes shows an increasing trend. In the monsoon-dominated closed basins of Asia, a humid climate prevails in the early to mid-Holocene, and a relatively dry climate appears in the LGM and late Holocene. In the westerly-wind-dominated closed basins of Asia, the climate is characterized by a humid LGM and mid-Holocene (MH) compared with the dry early and late Holocene, which is likely to be connected to precipitation brought by the westerly circulation. This study provides insight into the long-term evolution and synergy of westerly winds and monsoon systems as well as a basis for the projection of future hydrological balance.

中文翻译：

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自从上次冰川期以来，全球封闭盆地的湖泊演化中的西风和季风的协同作用及其对中亚水文变化的影响

气候变化对季风系统和西风环流的反应不同，这是中低纬度全球大气环流相互影响的两个重要组成部分。有关季风和西风地区全球千禧年规模气候变化的相关研究主要致力于湖泊，石笋，冰芯以及海洋和风成沉积物的多代理分析。这些代理对长期环境变化的不同反应使得了解季风和西风地区的气候变化模式变得困难。因此，我们将全球封闭盆地分解为季风和西风，统一的古气候指标，并增加了湖泊模型和古气候模拟，以着重跟踪自上次冰河期（LGM）以来东亚夏季风和西风的千年尺度演变特征和机制。我们的结果表明，千禧年尺度的水平衡变化在封闭的盆地中，特别是在北半球，在全球季风和西风区域之间表现出明显的边界。自LGM以来，北半球中纬度大部分封闭盆地的有效水分主要呈下降趋势，而低纬度的有效水分呈上升趋势。在以季风为主的封闭盆地中，全新世早期至中期普遍存在潮湿气候，而LGM和全新世晚期则出现相对干燥的气候。在以西风为主的封闭盆地中，与干燥的全新世早期和晚期相比，气候的特征在于潮湿的LGM和中全新世（MH），这可能与西风环流带来的降水有关。这项研究提供了对西风和季风系统的长期演变和协同作用的见识，并为未来水文平衡的预测奠定了基础。