The emerging field of socio-hydrology is a special case of social-ecological systems research that focuses on coupled human-water systems, exploring how the hydrologic cycle and human cultural traits coevolve and how such coevolutions lead to phenomena of relevance to water security and sustainability. As such, most problems tackled by socio-hydrology involve some aspects of engineering design, such as large-scale water infrastructure, and self-organization in a broad context, such as cultural change at the population level and the hydrologic shift at the river basin or aquifer level. However, within the field of socio-hydrology, it has been difficult to find general theories that assist our understanding of the dynamics emerging from the interplay between design and selforganization, hindering generalization of phenomena between cases. We address this gap by developing insights on how the theoretical frameworks of robustness-fragility trade-off and cultural multilevel selection can inform our understanding in this regard. We apply the two theories to two cases in the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh and the Kissimmee River Basin in Florida, illustrating how the two theories may provide general insights into causal mechanisms shaping the socio-hydrological phenomena observed in the two cases. Specifically, we use the two theories to address (1) the transference of system fragility across different domains due to design choices and (2) the multilevel social processes in the nested organizational hierarchy that lead to the formation or collapse of shared cultural traits. We show that these two theories, separately or taken together, can provide richer theoretical grounding for understanding socio-hydrological phenomena.

中文翻译：

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社会水文学：多层次世界中设计与自组织的相互作用

新兴的社会水文学领域是社会生态系统研究的一个特例，它侧重于人类与水系统的耦合，探索水文循环和人类文化特征如何共同进化，以及这种共同进化如何导致与水安全和可持续性相关的现象. 因此，社会水文学解决的大多数问题都涉及工程设计的某些方面，例如大规模的水利基础设施和广泛背景下的自组织，例如人口层面的文化变化和流域的水文变化或含水层。然而，在社会水文学领域，很难找到一般理论来帮助我们理解从设计和自组织之间的相互作用中产生的动态，阻碍了案例之间现象的概括。我们通过深入了解稳健性-脆弱性权衡和文化多层次选择的理论框架如何为我们在这方面的理解提供信息来解决这一差距。我们将这两种理论应用于孟加拉国恒河雅鲁藏布江三角洲和佛罗里达州基西米河流域的两个案例，说明这两种理论如何为塑造这两个案例中观察到的社会水文现象的因果机制提供一般见解。具体来说，我们使用这两种理论来解决 (1) 由于设计选择而导致系统脆弱性在不同领域之间的转移，以及 (2) 嵌套组织层次结构中的多层次社会过程导致共享文化特征的形成或崩溃。我们表明，这两种理论，分别或结合在一起，