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Response of small mammal and tick communities to a catastrophic wildfire and implications for tick-borne pathogens
Journal of Vector Ecology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12398
Emily L Pascoe 1 , Benjamin T Plourde 1 , Andrés M Lopéz-Perez 1 , Janet E Foley 1
Affiliation  

Through their potentially devastating impacts on the environment, wildfires may impact pathogen, vector, and host interactions, leading to changing risks of vector-borne disease in humans and other animals. Despite established risks for tick-borne disease and increasing frequency and severity of wildfires in the United States, impacts of wildfire on ticks and tick-borne pathogens are understudied. In 2015, the large Wragg fire extensively burned a long-term field site at Stebbins Cold Canyon University of California Reserve (CC). We characterized the tick, reservoir host and pathogen community over a two-year period after the burn, comparing our findings to pre-fire data and to data from Quail Ridge Reserve (QR), a nearby unburned site. After the fire, there were 5.5 times more rodent, primarily Peromyscus spp., captures at CC than QR (compared to 3.5 times more pre-fire). There were significantly fewer dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) at both sites post-fire, likely due to drought but not fire. Pre-fire tick infestation prevalence on rodents was comparable across sites (12.5% at CC and 9.9% at QR) and remained low at CC post-fire (13.7%) but was significantly higher at QR (48.0%), suggesting that ticks or their habitat were destroyed during the burn. Normalized difference vegetation indices documented a 16-fold loss of vegetation post- compared to pre-fire at CC; loss of vegetation and direct impacts on fauna are likely the main drivers of the post-fire differences in ticks we saw at CC. These data contribute to our understanding of tick-associated disease risks in our increasingly disturbed landscapes.

中文翻译:

小型哺乳动物和蜱群落对灾难性野火的反应以及对蜱传病原体的影响

通过对环境的潜在破坏性影响,野火可能会影响病原体、媒介和宿主之间的相互作用,从而导致人类和其他动物传播媒介疾病的风险发生变化。尽管在美国存在蜱传疾病的风险以及野火的频率和严重程度不断增加,但野火对蜱和蜱传病原体的影响仍未得到充分研究。2015 年,大型 Wragg 大火广泛烧毁了加州大学保护区 (CC) Stebbins Cold Canyon 的一个长期野外场地。我们在烧伤后的两年内对蜱、水库宿主和病原体群落进行了表征,将我们的发现与火灾前的数据和附近未烧毁地点鹌鹑岭保护区 (QR) 的数据进行了比较。火灾发生后,啮齿动物的数量增加了 5.5 倍,主要是Peromyscusspp.,CC 的捕获量比 QR 的捕获量高(与预发射相比多 3.5 倍)。灰足林鼠( Neotoma fuscipes)明显减少) 在火灾后的两个地点,可能是由于干旱而不是火灾。啮齿类动物的火灾前蜱虫感染率在不同地点具有可比性(CC 为 12.5%,QR 为 9.9%),火灾后 CC 仍较低(13.7%),但 QR 明显较高(48.0%),这表明蜱或它们的栖息地在大火中遭到破坏。与火灾前相比,归一化植被指数记录了 16 倍的植被损失;植被的丧失和对动物群的直接影响可能是我们在 CC 看到的火灾后蜱虫差异的主要驱动因素。这些数据有助于我们了解我们日益受到干扰的环境中与蜱相关的疾病风险。
更新日期:2020-11-18
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