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Why are ACE2 binding coronavirus strains SARS‐CoV/SARS‐CoV‐2 wild and NL63 mild?
Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1002/prot.26024
Puneet Rawat 1 , Sherlyn Jemimah 1 , P K Ponnuswamy 2 , M Michael Gromiha 1
Affiliation  

Coronaviruses are responsible for several epidemics, including the 2002 SARS, 2012 MERS, and COVID‐19. The emergence of recent COVID‐19 pandemic due to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in December 2019 has resulted in considerable research efforts to design antiviral drugs and other therapeutics against coronaviruses. In this context, it is crucial to understand the biophysical and structural features of the major proteins that are involved in virus‐host interactions. In the current study, we have compared spike proteins from three strains of coronaviruses NL63, SARS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV, known to bind human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in terms of sequence/structure conservation, hydrophobic cluster formation and importance of binding site residues. The study reveals that the severity of coronavirus strains correlates positively with the interaction area, surrounding hydrophobicity and interaction energy and inversely correlate with the flexibility of the binding interface. Also, we identify the conserved residues in the binding interface of spike proteins in all three strains. The systematic point mutations show that these conserved residues in the respective strains are evolutionarily favored at their respective positions. The similarities and differences in the spike proteins of the three viruses indicated in this study may help researchers to deeply understand the structural behavior, binding site properties and etiology of ACE2 binding, accelerating the screening of potential lead molecules and the development/repurposing of therapeutic drugs.

中文翻译:

为什么结合 ACE2 的冠状病毒株 SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 野生和 NL63 是温和的?

冠状病毒是导致多种流行病的原因,包括 2002 年的 SARS、2012 年的 MERS 和 COVID-19。2019 年 12 月由于 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的近期 COVID-19 大流行的出现导致了设计抗病毒药物和其他针对冠状病毒的疗法的大量研究工作。在这种情况下,了解参与病毒与宿主相互作用的主要蛋白质的生物物理和结构特征至关重要。在目前的研究中,我们比较了三种冠状病毒 NL63、SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV 的刺突蛋白,它们已知与人血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 结合,在序列/结构保守、疏水簇形成方面和结合位点残基的重要性。该研究表明,冠状病毒毒株的严重程度与相互作用区域呈正相关,周围的疏水性和相互作用能,并与结合界面的柔韧性成反比。此外,我们确定了所有三种菌株中刺突蛋白结合界面中的保守残基。系统点突变表明,各个菌株中的这些保守残基在它们各自的位置上在进化上是有利的。本研究指出的三种病毒刺突蛋白的异同可能有助于研究人员深入了解ACE2结合的结构行为、结合位点特性和病因,加速潜在先导分子的筛选和治疗药物的开发/再利用. 我们确定了所有三种菌株中刺突蛋白结合界面中的保守残基。系统点突变表明,各个菌株中的这些保守残基在它们各自的位置上在进化上是有利的。本研究指出的三种病毒刺突蛋白的异同可能有助于研究人员深入了解ACE2结合的结构行为、结合位点特性和病因,加速潜在先导分子的筛选和治疗药物的开发/再利用. 我们确定了所有三种菌株中刺突蛋白结合界面中的保守残基。系统点突变表明,各个菌株中的这些保守残基在它们各自的位置上在进化上是有利的。本研究指出的三种病毒刺突蛋白的异同可能有助于研究人员深入了解ACE2结合的结构行为、结合位点特性和病因,加速潜在先导分子的筛选和治疗药物的开发/再利用.
更新日期:2020-11-18
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