Inflammatory processes occur as a generic response of the immune system and can be triggered by various factors, such as infection with pathogenic microorganisms or damaged tissue. Due to the complexity of the inflammation process and its role in common diseases like asthma, cancer, skin disorders or Alzheimer's disease, anti‐inflammatory drugs are of high pharmaceutical interest. Nature is a rich source for compounds with anti‐inflammatory properties. Several studies have focused on the structural optimization of natural products to improve their pharmacological properties. As derivatization through total synthesis is often laborious with low yields and limited stereoselectivity, the use of biosynthetic, enzyme‐driven reactions is an attractive alternative for synthesizing and modifying complex bioactive molecules. In this minireview, we present an outline of the biotechnological methods used to derivatize anti‐inflammatory natural products, including precursor‐directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, combinatorial biosynthesis, as well as whole‐cell and in vitro biotransformation.

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抗炎天然产物的生物工程

炎症过程是免疫系统的一般反应，可由多种因素触发，例如病原微生物感染或受损组织。由于炎症过程的复杂性及其在哮喘、癌症、皮肤病或阿尔茨海默病等常见疾病中的作用，抗炎药物具有很高的药学价值。大自然是具有抗炎特性的化合物的丰富来源。一些研究重点关注天然产物的结构优化，以改善其药理特性。由于通过全合成进行衍生化通常很费力、产量低且立体选择性有限，因此使用生物合成、酶驱动的反应是合成和修饰复杂生物活性分子的一种有吸引力的替代方案。在这篇小综述中，我们概述了用于衍生化抗炎天然产物的生物技术方法，包括前体定向生物合成、突变合成、组合生物合成以及全细胞和体外生物转化。