Citrus fruits contain an abundance of nutrients, including vitamins C and B6 and hesperidin, which attribute to its beneficial health effects. Previously, kimchi with Jeju citrus concentrate (CK) elicited anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CK exhibits anti-obesity effects by reducing serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and anti-obesity-associated gene expression in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6N mice. Low-dose CK (LDCK, 50 mg/kg) and high-dose CK (HDCK, 200 mg/kg) were orally administered 3 times per week over 8 weeks with HFD diet. Body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and tissue weight were measured. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were also assessed. The effect of CK on the lipid profile and lipid accumulation was analyzed. Body and white adipose tissue masses were significantly lower in the LDCK and HDCK groups than in the HFD group. Orally administered CK significantly decreased serum lipid, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels. Hepatic lipid content also decreased in the LDCK and HDCK groups. Serum leptin concentrations decreased, whereas serum adiponectin concentrations increased, confirming the anti-obesity effects of LDCK and HDCK. The decrease of hepatic vacuoles and stained lipid droplets indicated inhibition of lipid accumulation. These results support the hypothesis that CK exhibits anti-obesity effects in vivo by reducing lipid accumulation and by regulating anti-obesity-related genes.

中文翻译：

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泡菜加济州柑橘浓缩液对高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠的抗肥胖作用

柑橘类水果含有丰富的营养成分，包括维生素 C 和 B6 以及橙皮苷，这对健康有益。以前，含有济州柑橘浓缩物 (CK) 的泡菜在 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中引起了抗肥胖作用。在这里，我们旨在研究 CK 是否通过降低高脂饮食 (HFD) 诱导的肥胖 C57BL/6N 小鼠的血清和肝脏脂质浓度以及抗肥胖相关基因表达来表现出抗肥胖作用。低剂量 CK (LDCK, 50 mg/kg) 和高剂量 CK (HDCK, 200 mg/kg) 在 8 周内每周口服 3 次，使用 HFD 饮食。测量体重增加、食物效率比和组织重量。血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗、瘦素、还评估了脂联素浓度。分析了 CK 对脂质谱和脂质积累的影响。LDCK 和 HDCK 组的身体和白色脂肪组织质量显着低于 HFD 组。口服CK显着降低血脂、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶水平。LDCK 和 HDCK 组的肝脏脂质含量也降低。血清瘦素浓度降低，而血清脂联素浓度增加，证实了 LDCK 和 HDCK 的抗肥胖作用。肝空泡和染色脂滴的减少表明脂质积累受到抑制。