Aims

To assess the effects of three specific exercise training modes, aerobic exercise (A), resistance training (R) and autonomous climbing (AC), aimed at proposing a cross-training method, on improving the physical, molecular and metabolic characteristics of mice without many side effects.

Materials and methods

Seven-week-old male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), aerobic exercise (A), resistance training (R), and autonomous climbing (AC) groups. Physical changes in mice were tracked and analysed to explore the similarities and differences of these three exercise modes. Histochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot (WB) and metabolomics analysis were performed to identify the underlying relationships among the three training modes.

Key findings

Mice in the AC group showed better body weight control, glucose and energy homeostasis. Molecular markers of myogenesis, hypertrophy, antidegradation and mitochondrial function were highly expressed in the muscle of mice after autonomous climbing. The serum metabolomics landscape and enriched pathway comparison indicated that the aerobic oxidation pathway (pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism and fatty acid degradation) and amino acid metabolism pathway (tyrosine, arginine and proline metabolism) were significantly enriched in group AC, suggesting an increased muscle mitochondrial function and protein balance ability of mice after autonomous climbing.

Significance

We propose a new exercise mode, autonomous climbing, as a convenient but effective training method that combines the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training.

中文翻译：

---

自主攀爬：一种有氧运动和阻力训练的有益结果的有效运动模式

目的

为了评估三种特定的运动训练模式，有氧运动（A），阻力训练（R）和自主攀爬（AC），旨在提出一种交叉训练方法，以改善没有运动的小鼠的身体，分子和代谢特征许多副作用。

材料和方法

将7周大的雄性小鼠随机分为四组：对照组（C），有氧运动（A），阻力训练（R）和自主攀爬（AC）组。跟踪和分析小鼠的身体变化，以探索这三种运动模式的异同。进行了组织化学，定量实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR），蛋白质印迹（WB）和代谢组学分析以鉴定这三种训练模式之间的潜在关系。

主要发现

AC组的小鼠表现出更好的体重控制，葡萄糖和能量稳态。自主攀爬后，小鼠肌肉中高表达肌发生，肥大，抗降解和线粒体功能的分子标记。血清代谢组学和富集途径的比较表明，AC组的有氧氧化途径（戊糖磷酸途径，半乳糖代谢和脂肪酸降解）和氨基酸代谢途径（酪氨酸，精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢）显着丰富，表明肌肉增加自主攀爬后小鼠的线粒体功能和蛋白质平衡能力。

意义

我们提出了一种新的锻炼模式，即自主攀爬，它是一种结合有氧运动和阻力训练的有益效果的便捷而有效的训练方法。