Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition ( IF 4.600 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.013 Anne M Cleary 1 , Katherine L McNeely-White 1 , Shaylyn A Russell 1 , Andrew M Huebert 1 , Hannah Hausman 1
Though tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states are traditionally viewed as instances of retrieval failure, some suggest that they are a unique form of retrieval success. The state indicates the presence of something relevant in memory as opposed to nothing. TOTs potentially present an opportunity to indicate that more knowledge is present than is currently accessible, which might have relevance for how tests are designed. The present study investigated this. During TOT states, participants were more likely to risk requesting a later multiple-choice set of potential answers when a point loss penalty for wrong answers would occur; they were also more likely to actually choose the correct multiple-choice answer. A test designed for differential point gain or loss through strategic use of TOT states during word generation failure resulted in a point gain advantage compared to standard multiple-choice type testing. This pattern presents a proof of concept relevant to designing adaptive tests.
中文翻译:
舌尖状态作为获取信息的一种形式:使用舌尖状态进行战略性适应性考试
尽管舌尖 (TOT) 状态传统上被视为检索失败的实例,但有些人认为它们是检索成功的一种独特形式。状态表示某物的存在与记忆相关,而不是什么都没有。TOT 潜在地提供了一个机会,表明存在的知识比当前可访问的知识更多,这可能与测试的设计方式有关。本研究对此进行了调查。在 TOT 状态期间,参与者更有可能冒险要求稍后的多项选择集的潜在答案,因为错误答案会发生扣分惩罚;他们也更有可能实际选择正确的多项选择答案。通过在单词生成失败期间策略性地使用 TOT 状态而设计的微分点增益或损失测试与标准的多项选择类型测试相比,产生了点增益优势。此模式提供了与设计自适应测试相关的概念证明。