Evaluation of the health effects of particulate matter with aerodynamic dias. ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) should reflect realistic condition in ambient atmosphere. However, using conventional filtration methods, only extracts from PM2.5 collected on the filter can be analyzed and not the particle itself. Cyclonic separation is a technique that enables the direct analysis of the effects of the crude “powder form” of PM2.5 on respiratory health. Airway epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells were exposed to PM2.5 collected during the same period using a conventional filtration method or cyclonic separation. PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation led to a higher secretion of interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) from airway epithelial cells, and IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion, cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), and dendritic and epithelial cells 205 (DEC205) expression on antigen-presenting cells, compared with the effects of filter-collected PM2.5. Furthermore, PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation increased inflammatory cytokine levels and induced lung inflammation in vivo. These results suggest that crude PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation causes stronger biological responses than filter-collected PM2.5. Hence, PM2.5 collected using cyclonic separation can be utilized for a reliable evaluation of the health effects of ambient PM2.5.

用空气动力学直径评估颗粒物对健康的影响。≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) 应反映环境大气中的实际情况。然而，使用传统的过滤方法，只能分析过滤器上收集的 PM2.5 提取物，而不能分析颗粒本身。旋风分离是一种能够直接分析 PM2.5 粗“粉末形式”对呼吸健康的影响的技术。气道上皮细胞和抗原呈递细胞暴露于使用传统过滤方法或旋风分离在同一时期收集的 PM2.5 中。使用旋风分离收集的 PM2.5 导致气道上皮细胞分泌更多的白细胞介素 6 和 8（IL-6、IL-8），以及 IL-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）分泌、分化簇 86 (CD86)、和树突状和上皮细胞 205 (DEC205) 在抗原呈递细胞上的表达，与过滤器收集的 PM2.5 的效果相比。此外，使用旋风分离收集的 PM2.5 会增加炎性细胞因子水平并诱发肺部炎症在体内。这些结果表明，使用旋风分离收集的粗 PM2.5 比过滤收集的 PM2.5 产生更强的生物反应。因此，使用旋风分离收集的 PM2.5 可用于可靠评估环境 PM2.5 对健康的影响。