Background Persistent structural changes of the lungs in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are rarely described in contemporary medical literature. The objective of our paper is to report a rare case of severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory changes to the lungs resulting from chronic malnutrition in a AN patient. Case presentation We describe a patient with severe inflammatory lung disease caused by malnutrition, resulting in persistent bronchiectasis accompanying AN. We performed an analysis of the patient’s medical records including radiological findings and laboratory results. A review of available literature shows very little data available on this topic. Conclusion Bronchiectasis and other structural changes of the lungs are rare, but severe complications of severe, chronic malnutrition. As exemplified by our case report, they may require extensive differential diagnosis and pose a significant clinical challenge due to their non-reversible character. A successful treatment relies heavily on the patient’s compliance and may be hard to achieve. Clinicians managing patients with anorexia nervosa should be wary of early respiratory tract dysfunction-related symptoms and always consider malnutrition bronchiectasis as a differential diagnosis option.

中文翻译：

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神经性厌食症患者严重支气管扩张和炎症性肺病，严重和持久营养不良 - 病例报告

背景 神经性厌食症 (AN) 患者肺部持续的结构变化很少在当代医学文献中描述。我们论文的目的是报告 AN 患者慢性营养不良导致严重支气管扩张和肺部炎症变化的罕见病例。病例介绍 我们描述了一名营养不良引起的严重炎症性肺病患者，导致伴有 AN 的持续性支气管扩张。我们对患者的医疗记录进行了分析，包括放射学检查结果和实验室结果。对现有文献的回顾表明，关于该主题的可用数据很少。结论 支气管扩张和其他肺部结构改变很少见，但却是严重慢性营养不良的严重并发症。正如我们的案例报告所示，它们可能需要广泛的鉴别诊断，并且由于其不可逆的特性而构成重大的临床挑战。成功的治疗很大程度上依赖于患者的依从性，可能很难实现。治疗神经性厌食症患者的临床医生应警惕与早期呼吸道功能障碍相关的症状，并始终将营养不良性支气管扩张作为鉴别诊断选择。