To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood. Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer’s specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables. Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies. patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood. Moreover, they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and the ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

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成人多动症的儿童早期感染，抗链球菌和基底神经节抗体：初步研究

探讨成人注意缺陷/多动症（ADHD），抗链球菌滴度，ABGA与儿童早期复发感染之间的关系。在儿童多动症DSM-IV成人门诊样本中收集了儿童复发感染的病史和血液样本。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）在患者血浆中测定抗链球菌溶血素O（ASO），抗脱氧核糖核酸酶B（抗DNase B）和抗基底神经节抗体（ABGA）的效价。按照制造商的规格评估滴定度阳性。绝对效价也被收集作为连续变量。22个儿童中有14个（63.6％）在儿童时期出现了反复感染（即7个，占31.8％，患有扁桃体炎或腺样体炎，另外7个（31.8％，患有其他感染））。18名患者（81。抗DNase B阳性的占9％，ASO阳性的占5（22.7％），两者均为阳性（占48.2％）。五名参与者（22.7％）的ABGA阳性，而所有三种抗体中只有两名（9.1％）阳性。ADHD患者可能更容易在儿童时期感染，而在成年期更容易出现亚临床链球菌感染。而且，他们似乎在成年期增加了基底神经节自身免疫的风险。感染和随后获得的自身免疫均可通过至少部分地促进ADHD发病机制来影响神经发育过程。ADHD患者可能更容易在儿童时期感染，而在成年期更容易出现亚临床链球菌感染。而且，他们似乎在成年期增加了基底神经节自身免疫的风险。感染和随后获得的自身免疫均可通过至少部分地促进ADHD发病机制来影响神经发育过程。多动症患者可能更倾向于在儿童时期感染，而在成年期更容易出现亚临床链球菌感染。而且，他们似乎在成年期增加了基底神经节自身免疫的风险。感染和随后获得的自身免疫均可通过至少部分地促进ADHD发病机制来影响神经发育过程。