At present, electrification and digitalization are two significant trends in the energy sector. Large-scale introduction of variable renewable energy sources, energy storage and power-electronics components, all based on direct current (DC), is fundamentally changing the electrical energy system of today that is based on alternating current (AC). This trend leads to a complex hybrid AC/DC power system with the extensive deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT) to keep the system stable and reliable. Photovoltaics (PV) is a technology that will play an essential role in local generation of clean electricity in expanding urban areas. To take full advantage of PV in the urban environment, PV technology must become intelligent. In this article, we identify, describe, and label a new research field that deals with intelligent PV and its application in components with multiple functionalities. We denote this field photovoltatronics. We review photovoltatronics research areas and introduce new directions for each area. Photovoltatronics brings together disciplines of energy and informatics. Since photons and electrons are carriers of both energy and information, photovoltatronics is the field that designs and delivers autonomous devices for electricity generation and information communication. It introduces a pathway from harvesting energy of photons (hν) to creating bits of information (01) through the energy of photo-generated electrons (eV). We show that ∼10 keV energy is at least needed for transceiving one bit of information in the energy-information chain of the photovoltatronics, while the ultimate efficiency of the chain can reach up to 33.4%. We show that the number of publications related to photovoltatronics is exponentially increasing and the publication rate of combined research areas has been doubled in the present decade and reached 3.4% as a clear sign of its emergence.

中文翻译：

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光伏电子产品：基于智能光伏的设备，用于能源和信息应用

当前，电气化和数字化是能源领域的两个重要趋势。大规模引入全部基于直流（DC）的可变可再生能源，能量存储和电力电子组件，从根本上改变了当今基于交流（AC）的电能系统。这种趋势导致了复杂的AC / DC混合电源系统，并广泛部署了信息和通信技术（ICT），以保持系统的稳定和可靠。光伏（PV）是一项技术，它将在扩展城市地区的本地清洁电力生产中发挥重要作用。为了在城市环境中充分利用光伏发电，光伏技术必须变得智能。在本文中，我们确定，描述，并标记了一个新的研究领域，该领域涉及智能光伏及其在具有多种功能的组件中的应用。我们表示该领域的光电器件。我们回顾了光电研究领域，并为每个领域介绍了新的方向。光伏电子学汇集了能源和信息学的学科。由于光子和电子既是能量又是信息的载体，所以光伏电子学是设计和交付用于发电和信息通信的自主设备的领域。它引入了一种从光子能量收集中获取能量的途径（由于光子和电子既是能量又是信息的载体，所以光伏电子学是设计和交付用于发电和信息通信的自主设备的领域。它引入了一种从光子能量收集中获取能量的途径（由于光子和电子既是能量又是信息的载体，所以光伏电子学是设计和交付用于发电和信息通信的自主设备的领域。它引入了一种从光子能量收集中获取能量的途径（hν）通过光生电子（eV）的能量创建信息位（01）。我们表明，在光电电子的能量信息链中收发一位信息至少需要10 keV的能量，而链的最终效率可以达到33.4％。我们表明，与光伏电子技术相关的出版物数量呈指数增长，并且在最近十年中，组合研究领域的出版率翻了一番，达到3.4％，这是其出现的明显标志。