Conversion of propane or butanes from natural/shale gas into propene or butenes, which are indispensable for the synthesis of commodity chemicals, is an important environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based cracking processes. Herein, we critically analyse recent developments in the non-oxidative, oxidative, and CO₂-mediated dehydrogenation of propane and isobutane to the corresponding olefins over metal oxide catalysts. Particular attention is paid to (i) comparing the developed catalysts in terms of their application potential, (ii) structure–activity–selectivity relationships for tailored catalyst design, and (iii) reaction-engineering aspects for improving product selectivity and overall process efficiency. On this basis, possible directions for further research aimed at the development of inexpensive and environmentally friendly catalysts with industrially relevant performance were identified. In addition, we provide general information regarding catalyst preparation and characterization as well as some recommendations for carrying out non-oxidative and CO₂-mediated dehydrogenation reactions to ensure unambiguous comparison of catalysts developed in different studies.

中文翻译：

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金属氧化物催化剂上丙烷和异丁烷的氧化，非氧化和CO2介导的脱氢反应的现状与展望

从天然气/页岩气中将丙烷或丁烷转化为丙烯或丁烯，这对于合成商品化学品是必不可少的，是石油基裂解工艺的一种重要的环保替代方案。在这里，我们严格分析非氧化，氧化和CO _2的最新发展。金属氧化物催化剂将丙烷和异丁烷介导的丙烷脱氢为相应的烯烃。要特别注意（i）比较已开发的催化剂的应用潜力，（ii）量身定制的催化剂设计的结构-活性-选择性关系，以及（iii）用于提高产品选择性和总体工艺效率的反应工程方面。在此基础上，确定了进一步研究的可能方向，以开发具有工业相关性能的廉价和环保催化剂。此外，我们提供有关催化剂制备和表征的一般信息，以及有关进行非氧化和CO _2的一些建议介导的脱氢反应，以确保比较不同研究中开发的催化剂。