The microbial flocculant (MFX) extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1 was used to remove carbamazepine in prepared wastewater and domestic sewage. The influence factors and flocculation mechanism were studied. The optimal carbamazepine removal conditions for MFX were pH of 7-8, 7 mL of flocculant, 0.1 mL of coagulant, and 35°C, and the removal rate reached 81.75%. MFX was efficient in the removal of carbamazepine in both domestic sewage (75.03%) and secondary sedimentation tank effluent (69.76%). The pseudo-first-order kinetic equation fitted the adsorption process better than the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that the adsorption was not pure chemical adsorption. The analysis of floc size suggested that the repulsive force between carbamazepine and MFX was weakened under alkalescent conditions, which can help the growth and coherence of flocs and increase the carbamazepine removal efficiency. Enough dosage of MFX can generate larger flocs, but excessive dosage of MFX will decrease the carbamazepine removal rate because of increase in electrostatic repulsion. The analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR suggested that hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl in MFX played an important role in the removal of carbamazepine. As an eco-friendly and highly efficient microbial flocculant, MFX has potential for practical applications in carbamazepine removal.

中文翻译：

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肺炎克雷伯菌J1微生物絮凝剂对卡马西平的絮凝效果及作用机理

从肺炎克雷伯菌中提取的微生物絮凝剂（MFX）J1 用于去除制备好的废水和生活污水中的卡马西平。对其影响因素及絮凝机理进行了研究。MFX的最佳卡马西平去除条件为pH 7-8、絮凝剂7 mL、混凝剂0.1 mL、35℃，去除率达到81.75%。MFX 可有效去除生活污水 (75.03%) 和二沉池出水 (69.76%) 中的卡马西平。拟一级动力学方程比拟二级动力学方程更符合吸附过程，表明吸附不是纯化学吸附。絮体大小分析表明，在碱性条件下，卡马西平与 MFX 之间的排斥力减弱，有助于絮体的生长和凝聚，提高卡马西平的去除效率。足够的MFX剂量可以产生较大的絮凝物，但过多的MFX剂量会由于静电斥力的增加而降低卡马西平的去除率。3D-EEM 和 FTIR 的分析表明 MFX 中的羟基、氨基和羧基在去除卡马西平中起重要作用。MFX作为一种环保高效的微生物絮凝剂，在卡马西平去除方面具有实际应用潜力。