Sodium layered oxide cathodes for rechargeable batteries suffer from Na⁺ ordering and transition-metal layer gliding that lead to several plateaus in their voltage profile. This characteristic hinders their competitiveness as a viable option for commercial rechargeable batteries. In O′3-layered Na₃Ni_1.5TeO₆ (Na_5/6[Na_1/6Ni_3/6Te_2/6]O₂), Rietveld refinement and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy show that there is sodium in the transition-metal layer. This sodium within the transition-metal layer provides cation disorder that suppresses Na⁺ ordering in the adjacent sodium layers upon electrochemical insertion/extraction of sodium. Although this material shows a reversible O′3 to P′3 phase transition, its voltage versus composition profile is typical of traditional lithium layered compounds that have found commercial success. A Ni^2+/3+ redox couple of 3.45 V versus Na⁺/Na is observed with a specific capacity as high as 100 mAh g^–1 on the first discharge at a C/20 rate. This material shows good retention of specific capacity, and its rate of sodium insertion/extraction can be as high as a 2C-rating with particle sizes on the order of several micrometers. The structural nuances of this material and their electrochemical implications will serve as guidelines for designing novel sodium layered oxide cathodes.

中文翻译：

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O'3-Na ₃ Ni _1.5 TeO ₆过渡金属层中钠的结构和电化学影响

用于可再充电电池的钠层氧化物阴极遭受Na ⁺有序化和过渡金属层滑动的困扰，这导致其电压曲线出现几个平稳状态。这种特性妨碍了它们作为商用可充电电池的可行选择的竞争力。在O'3层中的Na ₃ Ni _1.5 TeO ₆（Na _5/6 [Na _1/6 Ni _3/6 Te _2/6 ] O ₂）中，Rietveld精炼和固态核磁共振谱表明存在钠在过渡金属层。过渡金属层中的钠提供了抑制Na ^+的阳离子钠的电化学插入/抽出后，相邻的钠层中的有序排列。尽管这种材料显示出可逆的O'3到P'3相变，但其电压与成分的关系曲线是传统锂层状化合物的典型代表，这些化合物已获得商业成功。观察到相对于Na ⁺ / Na为3.45 V的Ni ^{2 + / 3 +}氧化还原对，其比容量高达100 mAh g ^–1在第一次放电时以C / 20的速率放电。该材料显示出良好的比容量保持性，其钠插入/萃取速率可高达2C级，且粒径约为几微米。这种材料的结构细微差别及其电化学含义将作为设计新型钠层氧化物阴极的指南。