We report a facile approach for the fabrication of a marine antifouling coating using the red algae-derived polysaccharide, carrageenan (CAR). Because CAR is hydrophilic and negatively charged, we hypothesized that it would form strong hydration layers upon adsorption onto solid surfaces, thereby exhibiting marine antifouling properties. Although various types of CAR can be used for marine antifouling, a universally applicable coating method has not yet been developed; thus, a systematic study on the marine antifouling property of CAR coating is lacking. Here, we fabricated a versatile CAR coating via Zr^IV-mediated multiple cross-linking reactions between the sulfate groups of CAR and metal ions and successfully deposited κ-, ι-, and λ-CAR onto solid surfaces. Specifically, λ-CAR showed superior marine antifouling performance, as evidenced by the results of the marine diatom adhesion assays.

中文翻译：

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用于海洋防污应用的源自红藻的角叉菜胶涂料

我们报告了一种使用红藻类多糖角叉菜胶（CAR）制造海洋防污涂料的简便方法。由于CAR是亲水性的并且带负电荷，因此我们假设CAR吸附到固体表面后会形成牢固的水合层，从而显示出海洋防污性能。尽管可以使用各种类型的CAR来进行船舶防污，但尚未开发出通用的涂层方法。因此，缺乏对CAR涂料的海洋防污性能的系统研究。在这里，我们通过Zr ^IV制造了通用的CAR涂层-介导的CAR和金属离子的硫酸根之间的多重交联反应，并成功将κ-，ι-和λ-CAR沉积到固体表面上。具体地，如海洋硅藻粘附试验的结果所证实，λ-CAR显示出优异的海洋防污性能。