We demonstrate the existence of universal features in the finite-time thermodynamics of quantum machines by considering a many-body quantum Otto cycle in which the working medium is driven across quantum critical points during the unitary strokes. Specifically, we consider a quantum engine powered by dissipative energizing and relaxing baths. We show that under very generic conditions, the output work is governed by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism; i.e., it exhibits a universal power-law scaling with the driving speed through the critical points. We also optimize the finite-time thermodynamics as a function of the driving speed. The maximum power and the corresponding efficiency take a universal form, and are reached for an optimal speed that is governed by the critical exponents. We exemplify our results by considering a transverse-field Ising spin chain as the working medium. For this model, we also show how the efficiency and power vary as the engine becomes critical.

中文翻译：

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Kibble-Zurek标度的多体量子机器的通用有限时间热力学

通过考虑多体量子奥托循环，我们证明了量子机器的有限时间热力学中普遍特征的存在，在该循环中，工作介质在单一冲程中被驱动穿过量子临界点。具体来说，我们考虑一种由耗散能量和松弛浴驱动的量子引擎。我们表明，在非常普通的条件下，输出功由Kibble-Zurek机制支配。也就是说，它具有通过临界点的行驶速度的通用幂律定标。我们还根据行驶速度优化了有限时间热力学。最大功率和相应的效率采用通用形式，并且达到了由关键指数决定的最佳速度。我们通过将横向场Ising自旋链作为工作介质来举例说明我们的结果。对于此模型，我们还将展示效率和功率随引擎变得关键而如何变化。