Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a very high degree of malignancy and is classified by WHO as a glioma IV. At present, the treatment of patients suffering from GBM is based on surgical resection of the tumor with maximal protection of surrounding tissues followed by radio- and pharmacological therapy using temozolomide as the most frequently recommended drug. This strategy, however, does not guarantee success and has devastating consequences. Testing of new substances or therapies having potential in the treatment of GBM as well as detection of their side effects cannot be done on humans. Animal models of the disease are usually used for these purposes, and one possibility is the implantation of human tumor cells into rodent brains. Such a solution was used in the present study the purpose of which was comparison of elemental anomalies appearing in the brain as a result of implantation of different glioblastoma cell lines. These were two commercially available cell lines (U87MG and T98G), as well as tumor cells taken directly from a patient diagnosed with GBM. Using total reflection X-ray fluorescence we determined the contents of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se in implanted-left and intact-right brain hemispheres. The number of elemental anomalies registered for both hemispheres was positively correlated with the invasiveness of GBM cells and was the highest for animals subjected to U87MG cell implantation, which presented significant decrease of P, K, and Cu levels and an increase of Se concentration within the left hemisphere. The abnormality common for all three groups of animals subjected to glioma cell implantation was increased Fe level in the brain, which may result from higher blood supply or the presence of hemorrhaging regions. In the case of the intact hemisphere, elevated Fe concentration may also indicate higher neuronal activity caused by taking over some functions of the left hemisphere impaired as a result of tumor growth.

中文翻译：

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大鼠脑内多形性胶质母细胞瘤不同细胞系植入后元素异常的比较：全反射 X 射线荧光光谱研究

多形性胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是一种恶性程度非常高的原发性脑肿瘤，被 WHO 归类为 IV 型胶质瘤。目前，GBM 患者的治疗以手术切除肿瘤为基础，最大限度地保护周围组织，然后使用替莫唑胺作为最常用的药物进行放射和药物治疗。然而，这种策略并不能保证成功并且会产生毁灭性的后果。无法在人类身上测试具有治疗 GBM 潜力的新物质或疗法以及检测其副作用。这种疾病的动物模型通常用于这些目的，一种可能性是将人类肿瘤细胞植入啮齿动物的大脑中。在本研究中使用了这种解决方案，其目的是比较由于植入不同的胶质母细胞瘤细胞系而出现在大脑中的元素异常。这些是两种市售细胞系（U87MG 和 T98G），以及直接取自诊断为 GBM 的患者的肿瘤细胞。使用全反射 X 射线荧光，我们确定了植入的左脑和完整右脑半球中 P、S、K、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn 和 Se 的含量。两个半球登记的元素异常数量与 GBM 细胞的侵袭性呈正相关，并且在接受 U87MG 细胞植入的动物中最高，表现为 P、K 和 Cu 水平显着降低，Se 浓度增加。左半球。接受胶质瘤细胞移植的所有三组动物的共同异常是大脑中铁水平升高，这可能是由于血液供应增加或出血区域的存在。在完整的半球的情况下，升高的 Fe 浓度也可能表明由于肿瘤生长而接管了左半球的某些功能受损而导致的更高的神经元活动。