ABSTRACT

Background

Lexical retrieval models help to determine the locus of difficulty in individuals with anomia. It is generally assumed that phonological cueing facilitates naming in individuals with phonological output lexicon deficits while semantic cueing facilitates naming in those with semantic lexical deficits. Evidence from treatment studies is not always consistent with this assumption, showing positive effects for both types of cues regardless of the types of deficits in some studies.

Recently, behavioural and electrophysiological markers for patient engagement and effort during motor rehabilitation have been suggested. Thus, we set out to evaluate, in a preliminary manner, whether there is an association between the locus of the naming difficulty, the relevancy of the type of cue to this locus and the degree of patient cognitive engagement and effort, as measured by these markers.

Aims

To evaluate the applicability of a behavioural marker of temporary functional change (TFC) and of a single-channel EEG marker, the Brain Engagement Index (BEI), during naming treatment specifically designed to test the efficacy of semantic and phonological cueing treatment in 23 individuals with phonological output lexicon anomia and in four individuals with lexico-semantic anomia following acquired brain damage.

Methods and Procedures

Two-hundred pictures of nouns were divided into five blocks of 40 pictures each. The blocks were matched in the frequency of use and number of letters. Three of the blocks were non-cued blocks: the pre-treatment block (first block), the 3^rd block and the 5^th block. The 2^nd and the 4^th blocks provided either semantic cues or phonological cues simultaneously with the presentation of the picture. The order of the cued sessions varied among the patients. Participants underwent BEI monitoring (EEG) during all sessions.

Outcome and Results

Most of the individuals, whether with predominantly semantic or phonological impairment, profited immediately from both types of cues. In addition, generalization to non-cued pictures was observed for 23 of the 27 individuals following the cueing blocks. Importantly, this generalization was related to the type of impairment for most participants, but this effect was transient. Finally, it was found that the patients’ impairment interactions with the type of cue used were associated with the degree of patient cue type-induced effort, as could be measured by this temporary generalization (or TFC) and by the BEI.

中文翻译：

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不同线索类型对获得性异常个体影响的行为和电生理评估

摘要

背景

词汇检索模型有助于确定失范个体的困难所在。通常假设语音提示有助于有语音输出词汇缺陷的个体的命名，而语义提示有助于具有语义词汇缺陷的个体的命名。治疗研究的证据并不总是与这一假设一致，无论某些研究中的缺陷类型如何，这两种线索都显示出积极的影响。

最近，已经提出了用于运动康复期间患者参与和努力的行为和电生理标记。因此，我们开始以初步方式评估命名困难的位置、线索类型与该位置的相关性以及患者认知参与和努力的程度之间是否存在关联，如通过这些衡量的标记。

宗旨

评估临时功能变化 (TFC) 行为标记和单通道 EEG 标记脑参与指数 (BEI) 的适用性，在命名治疗期间专门设计用于测试语义和语音提示治疗在 23 个人中的功效具有语音输出词汇异常和在获得性脑损伤后具有词汇语义异常的四个个体。

方法和程序

200张名词图片被分成5块，每块40张。这些块在使用频率和字母数量上是匹配的。块的三个是非线索块：前处理块（第一块）时，3^次块和5^个块。的2^块和4^块的块提供任一语义提示或语音提示与所述图形的显现同时。提示会话的顺序因患者而异。参与者在所有会议期间都接受了 BEI 监测 (EEG)。

结果和结果

大多数人，无论是主要是语义障碍还是语音障碍，都立即从这两种类型的线索中受益。此外，在提示块之后的 27 个人中，有 23 人观察到了对非提示图片的泛化。重要的是，这种概括与大多数参与者的损伤类型有关，但这种影响是短暂的。最后，发现患者与所用线索类型的损伤相互作用与患者线索类型引起的努力程度相关，这可以通过这种临时概括（或 TFC）和 BEI 来衡量。