Metacommunity organisation in temporary ponds is assembled by spatiotemporally varying processes that are also contingent on the species’ dispersal ability and scale of observation. Aquatic insects are useful models to study the relative contribution of environmental and spatial factors to community assembly in view of the differing dispersal ability existing in the species from this group. We assessed the metacommunity organisation of aquatic insects and subsets of strong‐ and weak‐flying insects in relation to environmental (habitat structure; water chemistry; climate) and spatial factors in temporary ponds ranging along a latitudinal gradient in southern Brazil. Local and climate environmental factors (water chemistry and temperature) along with fine‐scale spatial factors were the main drivers of the total insect community, although their relative importance shifted between subsets of weak‐ and strong‐flying insects. The composition of strong‐flying insects was structured by climate and fine‐scale spatial factors, while weak‐flying insects, by local (water chemistry) and spatially structured climate. This suggests that strong‐flying insects showed stronger signatures of mass effects at finer scales, while weak‐flying insects were more strongly affected by species sorting coupled to local environmental factors and regional climate. In summary, our results indicate that the relative importance of assembly processes for metacommunity organisation of aquatic insects in temporary ponds is contingent on dispersal ability.

中文翻译：

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环境和空间因素在巴西南部临时池塘水生昆虫群落聚集中的作用

临时池塘中的元社区组织是由时空变化的过程组成的，这些过程还取决于该物种的扩散能力和观测规模。考虑到该组物种中存在的不同扩散能力，水生昆虫是研究环境和空间因素对群落聚集的相对贡献的有用模型。我们评估了巴西南部沿纬度梯度分布的临时池塘中水生昆虫和强，弱飞昆虫子集的亚群落与环境（栖息地结构，水化学，气候）和空间因素的关系。当地和气候环境因素（水化学和温度）以及精细的空间因素是整个昆虫群落的主要驱动力，尽管它们的相对重要性在弱飞昆虫和强飞昆虫的子集之间转移。强飞行昆虫的组成是由气候和精细尺度的空间因素构成的，而弱飞行昆虫的构成是由局部（水化学）和空间结构的气候构成的。这表明强飞行的昆虫在较小的尺度上表现出较强的质量效应特征，而弱飞行的昆虫受到物种分类，当地环境因素和区域气候的影响更大。总而言之，我们的结果表明组装过程对于临时池塘中水生昆虫超群落组织的相对重要性取决于分散能力。强飞行昆虫的组成是由气候和精细尺度的空间因素构成的，而弱飞行昆虫的构成是由局部（水化学）和空间结构的气候构成的。这表明强飞行的昆虫在较小的尺度上表现出较强的质量效应特征，而弱飞行的昆虫受到物种分类，当地环境因素和区域气候的影响更大。总而言之，我们的结果表明组装过程对于临时池塘中水生昆虫超群落组织的相对重要性取决于分散能力。强飞行昆虫的组成是由气候和精细尺度的空间因素构成的，而弱飞行昆虫的构成是由局部（水化学）和空间结构的气候构成的。这表明强飞行的昆虫在较小的尺度上表现出较强的质量效应特征，而弱飞行的昆虫受到物种分类，当地环境因素和区域气候的影响更大。总而言之，我们的结果表明组装过程对于临时池塘中水生昆虫超群落组织的相对重要性取决于分散能力。而弱蝇昆虫受物种分选，当地环境因素和区域气候的影响更大。总而言之，我们的结果表明组装过程对于临时池塘中水生昆虫超群落组织的相对重要性取决于分散能力。而弱蝇昆虫受物种分选，当地环境因素和区域气候的影响更大。总而言之，我们的结果表明组装过程对于临时池塘中水生昆虫超群落组织的相对重要性取决于分散能力。