Silvopastoral systems (SPS) have been widely implemented in the Colombian Amazon region to improve pastures involving a greater diversity of species, soil tillage, fertilization, and higher stocking rate, which can induce changes in soil properties and functions. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties and carbon sequestration changes due to the transition from traditional pastures to silvopastoral systems. The study was conducted in the Colombian Amazon region, specifically in La Montañita and El Doncello Counties, in Caquetá, the second most important hotspot of deforestation in the entire Amazon basin. In each study site, we established a chronosequence consisting of three areas following the typical land-use change at the region: (i) native vegetation, (ii) traditional pasture, and (iii) silvopastoral system. We found that agricultural practices involving liming and tillage, performed under the silvopastoral management, contributed to reducing soil active acidity and exchangeable acidity with soil pH increasing from 3.8 to 4.3 and H⁺+Al³⁺ decreasing from 5.8 to 2.3 cmol_c kg⁻¹. These alterations favored increases in Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents mainly, increasing the base saturation from 17% in traditional pastures to 55% under silvopastoral systems. The synergic effect of the mix of grasses and trees under silvopastoral management improved soil micronutrient contents and modified soil C stocks in 20–30 cm layer. A rate of soil C accretion of 0.26 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for the 0–30 cm detected in silvopastoral systems suggests that its implementation could be a promising tool for C sequestration in tropical regions, capable of restoring soil functioning of degraded areas.

中文翻译：

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在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区通过林牧收养恢复土壤碳和化学特性

林牧系统 (SPS) 已在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区广泛实施，以改善涉及物种多样性、土壤耕作、施肥和更高放养率的牧场，这会导致土壤性质和功能的变化。本研究旨在评估由于从传统牧场向林牧系统过渡而导致的土壤化学性质和固碳变化。该研究是在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区进行的，特别是在卡克塔的拉蒙塔尼塔和埃尔唐塞洛县，这是整个亚马逊流域第二大森林砍伐热点。在每个研究地点，我们根据该地区典型的土地利用变化建立了一个由三个区域组成的时间序列：（i）原生植被，（ii）传统牧场，以及（iii）林牧系统。⁺ +Al ³⁺从5.8 减少到2.3 cmol _c kg ^-1。这些变化主要有利于Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺含量的增加，将基础饱和度从传统牧场的17%增加到林牧系统下的55%。在林牧管理下，草木混合的协同效应改善了 20-30 厘米层的土壤微量营养素含量和改良的土壤碳储量。在林牧系统中检测到的 0-30 cm土壤碳增加率为 0.26 Mg ha ^-1  yr ^-1表明其实施可能是热带地区碳封存的有前途的工具，能够恢复退化地区的土壤功能。