Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are a superfamily of heme‐thiolate proteins widely existing in various organisms. Due to their key roles in secondary metabolism, degradation of xenobiotics, and carcinogenesis, there is a great demand to heterologously express and obtain a sufficient amount of active eukaryotic P450s. However, most eukaryotic P450s are endoplasmic reticulum‐localized membrane proteins, which is the biggest challenge for functional expression to high levels. Furthermore, the functions of P450s require the cooperation of cytochrome P450 reductases for electron transfer. Great efforts have been devoted to the heterologous expression of eukaryotic P450s, and yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae are frequently considered as the first expression systems to be tested for this challenging purpose. This review discusses the strategies for improving the expression and activity of eukaryotic P450s in yeasts, followed by examples of P450s involved in biosynthetic pathway engineering.

中文翻译：

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真核细胞色素 P450s 在酵母中的功能表达

细胞色素 P450 酶 (P450s) 是广泛存在于各种生物体中的血红素硫醇蛋白超家族。由于它们在次级代谢、外源物质降解和致癌作用中的关键作用，因此非常需要异源表达和获得足够量的活性真核生物 P450。然而，大多数真核生物 P450 是定位于内质网的膜蛋白，这是实现高水平功能表达的最大挑战。此外，P450s 的功能需要细胞色素 P450 还原酶的合作进行电子转移。已为真核生物 P450 和酵母，特别是酿酒酵母的异源表达付出了巨大的努力经常被认为是第一个针对这一具有挑战性的目的进行测试的表达系统。这篇综述讨论了提高酵母中真核 P450 表达和活性的策略，然后介绍了参与生物合成途径工程的 P450 的例子。