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Novel Flexible Buffering Architectures for 3D-NoCs
Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100472
Mostafa Said , Amin Sarihi , Ahmad Patooghy , Awny M. El-Mohandes , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Fayez Gebali

In the conventional router architecture of Network-on-Chips (NoCs), each input port employs a set of dedicated flit buffers to store incoming flits. This mechanism unevenly distributes flits among router buffers, which in turn leads to higher packet blocking rates and under utilization of buffers. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing two novel buffering mechanisms and their corresponding architectures to share flit buffers among several ports of a router efficiently. Our first proposed mechanism is called Minimum-First buffering. This mechanism distributes flits among buffers of input ports based on the number of free buffer slots available in each port, giving priority to minimum occupied buffers. This approach increases the utilization of underutilized buffers by allowing them to store flits of other input ports. The second mechanism (so-called Inverse-Priority buffering) is a lighter yet efficient, flexible buffering technique. This mechanism employs a simple priority order for each buffer. According to our analysis, prioritizing specific ports over others balances the traffic loads between router buffers, and thus yields higher throughput. Both mechanisms lead to lower waiting times in the router and higher utilization in hardware resources. After studying all possible scenarios and analyzing corner cases, we have optimally designed two router architectures equipped with the proposed buffering mechanisms. Moreover, a hardware optimization technique is introduced to reduce the area overhead of the Minimum-First router architecture. The proposed architectures show significant improvements in the performance of 3D-NoCs in terms of the average network throughput and average delay as well as the total number of blocked packets compared to different state-of-the-art and baseline router architectures.



中文翻译:

适用于3D-NoC的新型灵活缓冲架构

在传统的片上网络(NoC)路由器体系结构中,每个输入端口都使用一组专用的flit缓冲区来存储传入的flit。这种机制会在路由器缓冲区之间不均匀地分配碎片,进而导致更高的数据包阻塞率和缓冲区利用率不足。在本文中,我们通过提出两种新颖的缓冲机制及其相应的体系结构以在路由器的多个端口之间有效共享flit缓冲区来解决此问题。我们首先提出的机制称为最小优先缓冲。该机制根据每个端口可用的空闲缓冲区插槽数在输入端口的缓冲区之间分配碎片,从而优先考虑最小占用的缓冲区。通过允许未使用的缓冲区存储其他输入端口的碎片,该方法提高了利用率。第二种机制(所谓的逆优先缓冲)是一种较轻但有效,灵活的缓冲技术。该机制为每个缓冲区采用简单的优先级顺序。根据我们的分析,将特定端口优先于其他端口可以平衡路由器缓冲区之间的流量负载,从而提高吞吐量。这两种机制都可以缩短路由器的等待时间,并提高硬件资源的利用率。在研究了所有可能的情况并分析了极端情况之后,我们优化设计了两种配备了建议的缓冲机制的路由器体系结构。而且,引入了硬件优化技术以减少最小优先路由器体系结构的区域开销。

更新日期:2020-11-18
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