This paper presents a detailed chemical and toxicological characterization of the diesel particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel vehicles running on a chassis dynamometer under different driving conditions. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 31 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the collected PM samples. The OC–EC analysis results revealed that PM emissions from diesel vehicles in this study were dominated by OC and that the emission of vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters had high OC/EC ratios. The PAH analysis results revealed that 4- and 5-ring PAHs were the dominant PAHs in the OC fraction of the PM samples. Particle toxicity was evaluated through three toxicological markers in human A549 cells, namely (1) acellular 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) for oxidative potential, (2) interleukin-6 (IL-6) for inflammation, and (3) glutathione (GSH) for antioxidation after exposure. Statistical analyses revealed that vehicle sizes have statistically significant effects on the concentrations of the markers. Correlation analysis between PAHs and toxicological markers revealed that significant correlations existed between specific compounds and markers. Our results can be used as a reference by policy makers to formulate emission control strategies and as a dataset for other modeling studies.

本文详细介绍了在不同行驶条件下在底盘测功机上行驶的柴油车辆排放的柴油颗粒物（PM）的化学和毒理学特征。进行化学分析以表征收集的PM样品中有机碳（OC），元素碳（EC）和31种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量。OC-EC分析结果表明，本研究中柴油车辆的PM排放量主要由OC所致，而配备柴油颗粒过滤器的车辆排放的OC / EC比率较高。PAH分析结果显示，在PM样品的OC组分中，四环和五环PAH是主要的PAH。通过三种人类A549细胞毒理学标志物评估了颗粒毒性，即（1）无细胞2，7-二氯荧光素（DCFH）氧化电位，（2）白介素6（IL-6）炎症，和（3）谷胱甘肽（GSH）暴露后的抗氧化作用。统计分析表明，媒介物大小对标记物浓度具有统计学上的显着影响。PAHs与毒理学标记之间的相关分析表明，特定化合物与标记之间存在显着相关。我们的研究结果可以用作决策者制定排放控制策略的参考，也可以用作其他建模研究的数据集。PAHs与毒理学标记之间的相关分析表明，特定化合物与标记之间存在显着相关。我们的研究结果可以用作决策者制定排放控制策略的参考，也可以用作其他建模研究的数据集。PAHs与毒理学标记之间的相关分析表明，特定化合物与标记之间存在显着相关。我们的研究结果可以用作决策者制定排放控制策略的参考，也可以用作其他建模研究的数据集。