Abstract The Yangtze River supports rich biodiversity and provides important ecosystem services for human survival and development. Indices of the ecosystem health of the river are deteriorating and an increasing proportion of the 4,300 species is at highly depleted levels or at risk of extinction, including many rare and endemic species. The purpose of this article is to (i) introduce the current status of the Yangtze River aquatic biodiversity, (ii) summarize the pressures on aquatic biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin, and (iii) review the Yangtze River fishery protection policies that have been introduced since 1978. Governance policies have been promulgated across a range of issues and threats, ranging from fishery resource management and endangered species restoration to protection of habitat and ecology. However, despite these policy interventions, trends in fishing catch, dolphin population status and fish-based indices of biological integrity, show that the recovery effect of the Yangtze River's fishery resources has been inadequate to date. Progress toward improvement in the ecosystem health requires greater efforts in coordinating governance that responds to information from comprehensive monitoring of the Yangtze River Basin.

中文翻译：

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长江水生生物多样性的威胁与保护政策

摘要 长江承载着丰富的生物多样性，为人类生存和发展提供重要的生态系统服务。河流生态系统健康指数正在恶化，4,300 种物种中有越来越多的物种处于高度枯竭或濒临灭绝的水平，其中包括许多稀有和特有物种。本文的目的是(i) 介绍长江水生生物多样性的现状，(ii) 总结长江流域水生生物多样性面临的压力，以及(iii) 回顾已经制定的长江渔业保护政策。自 1978 年开始实施。针对一系列问题和威胁颁布了治理政策，从渔业资源管理和濒危物种恢复到栖息地和生态保护。然而，尽管有这些政策干预，捕捞量趋势、海豚种群状况和基于鱼类的生物完整性指数表明，迄今为止，长江渔业资源的恢复效果并不充分。改善生态系统健康需要加大力度协调治理，响应长江流域综合监测信息。