Abstract In Tanzania, fuelwood availability for cooking is an increasing challenge for rural households struggling to meet this need. Here, a possible pathway for smallholder farmers to reduce their dependency on off-farm fuelwood is evaluated. We compare the cooking performance of on-farm produced fuels, like wood from Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeon pea stalks) with the off-farm fuelwood species Mimusops obtusifolia (Lam. Sapotaceae). Fuel performance was tested using Three-Stone Fire stoves and artisan-made Improved Cooking Stoves. We conducted 75 cooking tasks, cooking a standardized pre-defined meal with two pots in five villages in Chamwino and Kongwa districts, Dodoma region. The Controlled Cooking Test design assessed four key performance indicators: (1) time until water is boiling in pot A, (2) time until food item in pot A is ready to be consumed, (3) total cooking time per meal, including food items in pots A and B, (4) total fuel consumption per meal, including food items in pots A and B. Compared to the off-farm fuel, on-farm fuels perform better across the four key performance indicators. The results show that with regard to total cooking time per meal, including food items in pots A and B and total fuel consumption per meal, including food items in pots A and B, Improved Cooking Stoves used less time and fuel than Three-Stone Fire stoves. Regarding the key performance indicators time until water is boiling in pot A and time until food item in pot A is ready to be consumed, Three-Stone Fire stoves are faster than Improved Cooking Stoves, thus suggesting that Three-Stone Fire stoves are beneficial when cooking with only one pot. In order to reduce fuel and time consumption during cooking, the results suggest switching from off-farm to on-farm fuels; however, the choice of stove will depend on the cooking task performed.

中文翻译：

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在半干旱的坦桑尼亚使用农场和农场外燃料的三石火和改进的炉灶的效率

摘要在坦桑尼亚，对于努力满足这一需求的农村家庭来说，用于烹饪的薪材供应是一个日益严峻的挑战。在这里，评估了小农减少对非农薪材依赖的可能途径。我们比较了农场生产的燃料的烹饪性能，例如来自 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp 的木材。和 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp。（鸽子豌豆茎）与非农场薪材物种 Mimusops obtusifolia（Lam. Sapotaceae）。使用三石火炉和工匠制造的改良型炉灶测试了燃料性能。我们进行了 75 项烹饪任务，在 Dodoma 地区 Chamwino 和 Kongwa 区的五个村庄用两个锅烹饪标准化的预定义餐。受控烹饪测试设计评估了四个关键性能指标：(1) 锅 A 中的水沸腾之前的时间，(2) 锅 A 中的食物可以食用的时间， (3) 每餐的总烹饪时间，包括锅 A 和 B 中的食物， (4) 每餐总燃料消耗，包括锅 A 和锅中的食物B. 与农场外燃料相比，农场燃料在四个关键性能指标上的表现更好。结果表明，就每餐的总烹饪时间，包括锅A和B中的食物，以及每餐的总燃料消耗，包括锅A和B中的食物，改进型灶具比三石炉使用更少的时间和燃料炉灶。关于锅 A 中的水沸腾的时间和锅 A 中的食物可以食用的时间的关键性能指标，三石火炉比改进的炉灶快，因此表明三石火炉在以下情况下是有益的只用一锅做饭。为了减少烹饪过程中的燃料和时间消耗，结果建议从农场外燃料转向农场燃料；然而，炉子的选择将取决于执行的烹饪任务。