Second generation (2 G) biorefineries have shown a potential to convert lignocellulosic wastes into fuels, energy, and other value-added products. However, despite the efforts made in R&D, there are several barriers to overcome their successful operation and profitability. This motivates to intensify 2 G biorefineries by integrating unit operations, performing mass integration and heat integration analysis. The main focus of this work is to present the most important aspects of the design and synthesis for the intensification of 2 G biorefineries, and the main contribution is the proposal of a systematic approach to evaluate different process configurations by defining a global intensification criterion. This criterion incorporates indicators to assess waste emissions, utility duties, energy consumption and production cost. The proposed methodology is used to decide the best synthesis and design of a 2 G biorefinery for the main ethanol production. Various biorefinery configurations are proposed considering different levels of intensification, and comparing two different pretreatments and two alternative separation processes. As a result, the best intensified design is identified by using the proposed global intensification criterion.

第二代（2 G）生物精炼厂已显示出将木质纤维素废物转化为燃料，能源和其他增值产品的潜力。但是，尽管在研发方面做出了努力，但要克服其成功的运营和盈利能力仍存在一些障碍。通过整合单元操作，进行质量整合和热整合分析，这可以激发2 G生物精炼厂的发展。这项工作的主要重点是介绍2 G生物精炼强化设计和合成的最重要方面，并且主要贡献是提出了一种通过定义全局强化标准来评估不同工艺配置的系统方法。该标准结合了评估废物排放，公用事业税，能源消耗和生产成本的指标。所提出的方法学用于决定主要乙醇生产的2 G生物精炼厂的最佳合成和设计。考虑到不同的强化程度，并比较了两种不同的预处理方法和两种替代分离方法，提出了各种生物精炼厂配置。结果，通过使用建议的全局强化标准，可以确定最佳的强化设计。