Abstract The reuse of treated wastewater for olive irrigation is becoming a common practice in areas with limited water resources. However, this water may contain high level of salts (Na+ and Cl−) that could affect plant performances when used for a long period. In order to enhance the tolerance of plants to salt stress induced by treated wastewater, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be a suitable solution. In this study, the ability of different AMF inoculums to improve young olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui) performances under long term irrigation with treated wastewater was studied. One-year-old olive trees inoculated with Glomus deserticola and/or Gigaspora margarita were irrigated with treated wastewater for one year. As compared to plants irrigated with tap water, treated wastewater irrigation caused a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), total fresh and dry weights, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll and starch contents. Nevertheless, a significant increase in Na+ and Cl−, proline, soluble sugars, total polyphenols as well as flavonoids contents was observed under treated wastewater irrigation. Interestingly, colonization with different AMF inoculums, particularly the 1:1 mixture of G. deserticola and G. margarita, alleviated the negative effect of saline treated wastewater on young olive plants and significantly improved the above parameters. In fact, mycorrhizal symbiosis decreased the Na+ and Cl− contents and improved the RWC, the total fresh and dry weights and the photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, mycorrhizal plants showed higher concentrations of proline and soluble sugars as well as higher antioxidant defense systems as compared to the non-inoculated plants.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根真菌在减轻橄榄幼苗处理废水盐度方面的潜在作用（Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui）

摘要 在水资源有限的地区，将处理过的废水回用于橄榄灌溉正成为一种普遍做法。然而，这种水可能含有高浓度的盐分（Na+ 和 Cl-），长期使用会影响植物性能。为了增强植物对处理废水引起的盐胁迫的耐受性，应用丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）可能是一个合适的解决方案。在这项研究中，研究了不同 AMF 接种物在用处理过的废水长期灌溉下改善橄榄幼苗（Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui）性能的能力。接种 Glomus Deserticola 和/或 Gigaspora margarita 的一岁橄榄树用处理过的废水灌溉一年。与用自来水灌溉的植物相比，处理过的废水灌溉导致相对含水量 (RWC)、总鲜重和干重、气体交换参数以及叶绿素和淀粉含量显着降低。尽管如此，在处理过的废水灌溉下观察到 Na+ 和 Cl-、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、总多酚以及类黄酮含量显着增加。有趣的是，不同 AMF 接种物的定植，特别是 G. Deserticola 和 G. margarita 的 1:1 混合物，减轻了盐处理废水对橄榄幼苗的负面影响，并显着改善了上述参数。事实上，菌根共生降低了 Na+ 和 Cl- 含量并提高了 RWC、总鲜重和干重以及光合活性。此外，