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Conditioning point and gridded weather data under aridity conditions for calculation of reference evapotranspiration
Agricultural Water Management ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106531
Richard G. Allen , Ramesh Dhungel , Bibha Dhungana , Justin Huntington , Ayse Kilic , Charles Morton

Abstract Meteorological data are often collected in dry, desert regions where the local environments exhibit effects of aridity caused by the lack of evapotranspiration (ET). In contrast, the standard reference ET (ETo) calculations of FAO56 and ASCE assume that the surfaces underlying collected weather data are well-watered so that near-surface meteorological measurements reflect the cooling and humidifying effects of an evaporating surface. In this study, we develop a weather data conditioning process and algorithms to adjust for biases in meteorological data that exhibit aridity effects. The conditioning process is intended to adjust the weather data to better exhibit characteristics of data collected over a well-watered vegetated surface prior to use of the data to estimate reference ET. The procedure involves the extrapolation of air temperature, vapor pressure, and wind speed profiles to and from a regional blending height using standard surface energy balance equations and flux-profile relationships and employing ET estimated for the ambient, dry conditions of an arid weather station and reference ET that should co-exist with weather measurements used to calculation reference ET. Example applications are given with 24-hour weather data and hourly weather data in Idaho and Nevada. Results indicate that reference ETo can be overstated by as much as 25% in southern Idaho and 8% in eastern Nevada. The methodology is intended to be transferrable to other regions and climates and is self-aware of the need for conditioning of weather data according to differences in ambient ET and the reference ET estimates.

中文翻译:

用于计算参考蒸发量的干旱条件下的条件点和网格化天气数据

摘要 气象数据通常是在干燥的沙漠地区收集的,在这些地区,由于缺乏蒸发蒸腾 (ET),当地环境表现出干旱的影响。相比之下,FAO56 和 ASCE 的标准参考 ET (ETo) 计算假设收集的天气数据下的地表水充足,因此近地表气象测量反映了蒸发表面的冷却和加湿效果。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个天气数据调节过程和算法,以调整表现出干旱影响的气象数据中的偏差。调节过程旨在调整天气数据,以便在使用数据估计参考 ET 之前更好地展示在灌溉良好的植被表面收集的数据的特征。该程序包括使用标准地表能量平衡方程和通量-剖面关系,并使用为干旱气象站的环境干燥条件估计的 ET,将空气温度、蒸气压和风速剖面外推至区域混合高度和来自区域混合高度。应与用于计算参考 ET 的天气测量共存的参考 ET。示例应用提供了爱达荷州和内华达州的 24 小时天气数据和每小时天气数据。结果表明,在爱达荷州南部和内华达州东部,参考 ETo 可能被高估了 25% 和 8%。该方法旨在可转移到其他地区和气候,并自行意识到需要根据环境 ET 和参考 ET 估计值的差异调整天气数据。使用标准地表能量平衡方程和通量-剖面关系,并使用为干旱气象站的环境干燥条件估计的 ET 和参考 ET 估计出和来自区域混合高度的风速剖面计算参考ET。示例应用提供了爱达荷州和内华达州的 24 小时天气数据和每小时天气数据。结果表明,在爱达荷州南部和内华达州东部,参考 ETo 可能被高估了 25%。该方法旨在可转移到其他地区和气候,并自行意识到需要根据环境 ET 和参考 ET 估计值的差异调整天气数据。使用标准地表能量平衡方程和通量-剖面关系,并使用为干旱气象站的环境干燥条件估计的 ET 和参考 ET 估计出和来自区域混合高度的风速剖面计算参考ET。示例应用提供了爱达荷州和内华达州的 24 小时天气数据和每小时天气数据。结果表明,在爱达荷州南部和内华达州东部,参考 ETo 可能被高估了 25%。该方法旨在可转移到其他地区和气候,并自行意识到需要根据环境 ET 和参考 ET 估计值的差异调整天气数据。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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