False alarm resistant smoke detectors must pass the inflight smoke-detection certification test for implementation in aircraft. Inflight certification testing uses artificial smoke generators due to health and safety. Currently, there are no objective parameters to quantify an artificial smoke generator’s aerosol production for certification testing. Therefore, this study’s design was to create a framework for potential guidelines for standardizing an artificial smoke generator’s aerosol production. Although the aerosols created by artificial smoke generators look like real smoke, there are inconsistencies between models that could create smoke detectors not activating during certification testing. Aerosols created by artificial smoke generators must be similar to smoke for many of the false alarm resistant smoke detectors to alarm. Therefore, verifying which artificial smoke generators produce an aerosol with similar particle characteristics to smoke is essential for the implementation of false alarm resistant detectors in aircraft. Furthermore, standardizing the artificial smoke generators for the total quantity of aerosol produced, rate of aerosol production, and repeatability of aerosol production and quantifying the effects of the ambient environment is necessary to ensure the reliability and integrity of the certification test. One possible result of a non-standard aerosol production during certification testing, specifically in regards to an unexpected overabundance of aerosol production, may cause the certification of smoke detection system that would not alarm the specified threat. Conversely, insufficient aerosol production during certification testing could create the requirement of a lower smoke detection threshold than intended, creating an unfair financial burden. This study found that artificial smoke generators produce an aerosol with similar particle size distributions and light scattering characteristics to smoke created by smoldering foam, smoldering wood, and lithium-ion battery thermal runaway vent-gas. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that aerosols from the tested artificial smoke generators are capable of alarming most false alarm resistant smoke detectors. Furthermore, there were measurable differences in the total quantity of aerosol produced and the rate of aerosol production between smoke generators used by four major airframe manufacturers for smoke-detection certification testing. In addition, changes in ambient temperature and pressure that may occur during a typical flight profile affected an individual smoke generator’s production of aerosol. Sufficiently heating the smoke generator’s mineral oil before aerosol production can mitigate the effects of varying ambient temperatures.

中文翻译：

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表征用于标准化机上烟雾检测认证的人造烟雾发生器的方法

防误报烟雾探测器必须通过机上烟雾探测认证测试才能在飞机上实施。出于健康和安全的考虑，机上认证测试使用人造烟雾发生器。目前，没有客观参数来量化人工烟雾发生器的气溶胶生产以进行认证测试。因此，本研究的设计是为标准化人工烟雾发生器的气溶胶生产的潜在指南创建一个框架。尽管人造烟雾发生器产生的气溶胶看起来像真正的烟雾，但模型之间存在不一致之处，可能会导致烟雾探测器在认证测试期间未激活。由人工烟雾发生器产生的气溶胶必须与烟雾相似，许多防误报烟雾探测器才能发出警报。所以，验证哪些人造烟雾发生器产生的气溶胶具有与烟雾相似的粒子特性，对于在飞机上实施防误报探测器至关重要。此外，有必要针对产生的气溶胶总量、气溶胶产生率和气溶胶产生的可重复性对人工烟雾发生器进行标准化，并量化周围环境的影响，以确保认证测试的可靠性和完整性。认证测试期间非标准气雾剂产生的一种可能结果，特别是关于气雾剂产生的意外过剩，可能导致烟雾探测系统的认证不会对指定的威胁发出警报。反过来，认证测试期间气雾剂产量不足可能会导致对烟雾探测阈值的要求低于预期，从而造成不公平的财务负担。这项研究发现，人造烟雾发生器产生的气溶胶与由阴燃泡沫、阴燃木材和锂离子电池热失控排放气体产生的烟雾具有相似的粒度分布和光散射特性。因此，可以合理得出结论，来自测试的人造烟雾发生器的气溶胶能够使大多数防误报烟雾探测器发出警报。此外，四大机身制造商用于烟雾检测认证测试的烟雾发生器之间产生的气溶胶总量和气溶胶产生率存在显着差异。此外，典型飞行剖面期间可能发生的环境温度和压力变化会影响单个烟雾发生器的气溶胶产生。在气溶胶产生之前充分加热烟雾发生器的矿物油可以减轻环境温度变化的影响。