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A comparison of the cuticular properties of argasid and ixodid ticks: Ornithodoros moubata (Argasidae) vs. Amblyomma hebraeum and Ixodes pacificus (Ixodidae)
Experimental and Applied Acarology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00566-3
Peter C. Flynn , Jan Hendrik Forth , W. Reuben Kaufman

Ticks (Chelicerata, Ixodida) are blood-feeding ectoparasites believed to have evolved at least about 120 millions of years ago and found worldwide. However, many aspects of their unique life cycle and anatomy, including their mechanical properties, remain to be understood. Here, we compared the mechanical properties of the cuticle of the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata to those of two species of ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum and Ixodes pacificus that we explored in our earlier studies of the tick exoskeleton. Significant differences were expected given the substantial difference in life cycle, including a five-fold increase during the repeated adult blood meal for female O. moubata vs. 70- to 120-fold during the single feeding of the adult female A. hebraeum and I. pacificus. We demonstrate here that the layered structure and mechanical properties (stiffness and viscosity) of the cuticle show minor differences, but the difference in cuticle thickness is substantial. Ductility is lost during feeding; reduced pH restores ductility. Previous work suggests that this occurs in vivo in engorged ixodid ticks; there is no evidence of this occurring in vivo in O. moubata. Thinning of cuticle in O. moubata fed females is consistent with the predicted stretch of cuticle due to the blood meal; there is no evidence of cuticle synthesis during the short feeding period. Dimensional analysis suggests that the soft feel of argasid ticks is related to cuticle thickness, not cuticle stiffness. Relative to argasid ticks, the hard ixodid ticks accommodate a ca. 20-fold higher size of blood meal by starting with a thicker cuticle and growing much additional cuticle during engorgement.



中文翻译:

杀虫剂和ixodid s的表皮特性的比较:鸟嘴兽(Ornithodoros moubata)(蛇蝎)和希伯氏盲and和太平洋硬x(Ixodidae)

cks(Chelicerata,Ixodida)是一种以血液为食的体外寄生虫,据信至少在1.2亿年前就已经进化并在世界范围内发现。然而,它们独特的生命周期和解剖结构的许多方面,包括其机械性能,仍有待了解。在这里,我们比较了在早期对the外骨骼的研究中发现的拟南芥tick(Ornithodoros moubata)的角质层的机械性能与两种odi类tick(Amblyomma hebraeumIxodes pacificus)的机械性能。考虑到生命周期的显着差异,预计会有显着差异,包括雌性O. moubata重复成年血粉时增加了五倍。与成年雌性A. hebraeumI. pacific的单次喂食相比,高70-120倍。我们在这里证明了角质层的层状结构和机械性能(刚度和粘度)显示出较小的差异,但角质层厚度的差异却很大。喂食期间失去延展性;降低pH值可恢复延展性。先前的研究表明,这种现象发生在体内充满odi虫的tick中。没有证据表明这种现象在O. moubata体内发生。桑白皮表皮变薄进食的雌性与血粉导致的预期角质层伸展一致;没有证据表明在较短的喂食时间内角质层合成。尺寸分析表明,树胶tick的柔软感觉与角质层厚度有关,与角质层刚度无关。相对于Argasid s,硬ixodid tick适应一个ca。血粉大小增加20倍,方法是先从较厚的角质层开始,然后在充血期间长出更多的角质层。

更新日期:2020-11-18
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