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Mesoscopic quantum superposition states of weakly-coupled matter-wave solitons
New Journal of Physics ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/abc601
Dmitriy Tsarev, Alexander Alodjants, The Vinh Ngo, Ray-Kuang Lee

The Josephson junctions (JJs) are at the heart of modern quantum technologies and metrology. In this work we establish quantum features of an atomic soliton Josephson junction (SJJ) device, which consists of two weakly-coupled condensates with negative scattering length. The condensates are trapped in a double-well potential and elongated in one dimension. Starting with classical field theory we map for the first time a two-soliton problem onto the effective two-mode Hamiltonian and perform a second quantization procedure. Compared to the conventional Bosonic Josephson junction (BJJ) condensate system, we show that the SJJ-model in quantum domain exhibits unusual features due to its effective nonlinear strength proportional to the square of total particle number, $N^2$. A novel self-tuning effect for the effective tunneling parameter is also demonstrated in the SJJ-model, which depends on the particle number and rapidly vanishes as the JJ population imbalance increases. The formation of entangled Fock state superposition is predicted for the quantum SJJ-model, revealing dominant $N00N$-state components at the "edges" for $n=0, N$ particle number. We have shown that the obtained quantum state is more resistant to few particle losses from the condensates if tiny components of entangled Fock states are present in the vicinity of the major $N00N$-state component. This peculiarity of the quantum SJJ-model establishes an important difference from its semiclassical analogue obtained in the framework of Hartree approach.

中文翻译:

弱耦合物质波孤子的介观量子叠加态

约瑟夫森结 (JJ) 是现代量子技术和计量学的核心。在这项工作中,我们建立了原子孤子约瑟夫森结 (SJJ) 器件的量子特征,该器件由两个具有负散射长度的弱耦合凝聚体组成。冷凝物被困在双阱电位中并在一维上拉长。从经典场论开始,我们首次将双孤子问题映射到有效双模哈密顿量上,并执行第二次量化过程。与传统的玻色子约瑟夫森结 (BJJ) 凝聚系统相比,我们表明量子域中的 SJJ 模型表现出不同寻常的特征,因为其有效非线性强度与总粒子数的平方成正比,$N^2$。SJJ 模型还证明了有效隧道参数的新自调整效应,该效应取决于粒子数量,并随着 JJ 种群不平衡的增加而迅速消失。量子 SJJ 模型预测了纠缠 Fock 状态叠加的形成,揭示了在 $n=0、N$ 粒子数的“边缘”处的主要 $N00N$-状态分量。我们已经表明,如果在主要 $N00N$ 状态分量附近存在纠缠 Fock 状态的微小分量,则获得的量子状态对来自凝聚物的少量粒子损失具有更强的抵抗力。量子 SJJ 模型的这种特性与其在 Hartree 方法框架中获得的半经典模拟建立了重要区别。这取决于粒子数,并随着 JJ 种群失衡的增加而迅速消失。量子 SJJ 模型预测了纠缠 Fock 状态叠加的形成,揭示了 $n=0、N$ 粒子数在“边缘”的主要 $N00N$-状态分量。我们已经表明,如果在主要 $N00N$ 状态分量附近存在纠缠 Fock 状态的微小分量,则获得的量子状态对来自凝聚物的少量粒子损失具有更强的抵抗力。量子 SJJ 模型的这种特性与其在 Hartree 方法框架中获得的半经典模拟建立了重要区别。这取决于粒子数,并随着 JJ 种群失衡的增加而迅速消失。量子 SJJ 模型预测了纠缠 Fock 状态叠加的形成,揭示了 $n=0、N$ 粒子数在“边缘”的主要 $N00N$-状态分量。我们已经表明,如果在主要 $N00N$ 状态分量附近存在纠缠 Fock 状态的微小分量,则获得的量子状态对来自凝聚物的少量粒子损失具有更强的抵抗力。量子 SJJ 模型的这种特性与其在 Hartree 方法框架中获得的半经典模拟建立了重要区别。对于 $n=0,N$ 粒子数。我们已经表明,如果在主要 $N00N$ 状态分量附近存在纠缠 Fock 状态的微小分量,则获得的量子状态对来自凝聚物的少量粒子损失具有更强的抵抗力。量子 SJJ 模型的这种特性与其在 Hartree 方法框架中获得的半经典模拟建立了重要区别。对于 $n=0,N$ 粒子数。我们已经表明,如果在主要 $N00N$ 状态分量附近存在纠缠 Fock 状态的微小分量,则获得的量子状态对来自凝聚物的少量粒子损失具有更强的抵抗力。量子 SJJ 模型的这种特性与其在 Hartree 方法框架中获得的半经典模拟建立了重要区别。
更新日期:2020-11-16
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